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Gene Review: 

hsdS  -  specificity determinant for hsdM and hsdR

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK4338, JW4311, hsp, hss
 
 
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Disease relevance of hsdS

  • The Sau1 type I restriction-modification system is found on the chromosome of all nine sequenced strains of Staphylococcus aureus and includes a single hsdR (restriction) gene and two copies of hsdM (modification) and hsdS (sequence specificity) genes [1].
 

High impact information on hsdS

  • We have characterized a novel mutant of EcoDXXI, a type IC DNA restriction and modification (R-M) system, in which the specificity has been altered due to a Tn5 insertion into the middle of hsdS, the gene which encodes the polypeptide that confers DNA sequence specificity to both the restriction and the modification reactions [2].
  • We propose that the EcoDXXI mutant methylase utilizes two truncated hsdS subunits to recognize its binding site [2].
  • The hsdS gene varies in length from 1335 to 1425 base-pairs and the only regions showing obvious homology, one of about 100 base-pairs and a second of about 250 base-pairs, are highly conserved [3].
 

Biological context of hsdS

  • These enzymes (EcoK, EcoB and presumably EcoD) comprise three subunits of which one, that encoded by the so-called specificity gene (hsdS), is responsible for recognition of the DNA sequence specific to that system [3].

References

  1. Sau1: a novel lineage-specific type I restriction-modification system that blocks horizontal gene transfer into Staphylococcus aureus and between S. aureus isolates of different lineages. Waldron, D.E., Lindsay, J.A. J. Bacteriol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Macroevolution by transposition: drastic modification of DNA recognition by a type I restriction enzyme following Tn5 transposition. Meister, J., MacWilliams, M., Hübner, P., Jütte, H., Skrzypek, E., Piekarowicz, A., Bickle, T.A. EMBO J. (1993) [Pubmed]
  3. Sequence diversity among related genes for recognition of specific targets in DNA molecules. Gough, J.A., Murray, N.E. J. Mol. Biol. (1983) [Pubmed]
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