Diagnosis of autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis with mutations in the TGM1 gene.
BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis (ARLI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. In many cases, mutations in the transglutaminase 1 gene (TGM1) have been identified, however, other clinically indistinguishable cases have been linked to chromosomes 2, 3 and 19. Previous studies have failed to establish any correlation between clinical characteristics and genetic mutations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the molecular basis of ARLI in 10 patients with the typical clinical presentation of the disorder. METHODS: We performed polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing-based mutation screening in all of these patients, and TGM1 immunofluorescence microscopy and in vitro enzyme activity assays in selected patients. RESULTS: Mutation screening revealed 14 mutations, four of which have been previously described. While immunofluorescence microscopy was negative in patients with non-sense mutations or out-of-frame insertions or deletions, the results were variable in cases with mis-sense mutations and in cases with no mutations in the TGM1 gene. In vitro enzyme activity assays gave results consistent with the mutation data. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the importance of mutation screening in the evaluation of ARLI.[1]References
- Diagnosis of autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis with mutations in the TGM1 gene. Cserhalmi-Friedman, P.B., Milstone, L.M., Christiano, A.M. Br. J. Dermatol. (2001) [Pubmed]
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