The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 

Retinoic acid negatively regulates GDNF and neurturin receptor expression and responsiveness in embryonic chicken sympathetic neurons.

Neurotrophins and members of the GDNF family influence the generation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic neurons during development. Neurotrophin receptor expression and responsiveness has previously been shown to be regulated by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in embryonic chicken sympathetic neurons. To determine if RA also regulates responsiveness to GDNF family members and expression of their receptors, we studied the effect of treating cultures of these neurons at a stage when they survive in response to GDNF and neurturin. RA caused a dose-dependent decrease in the survival response to both GDNF and neurturin. Transcripts for the ligand-specifying receptors for GDNF and neurturin, GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, as well as the common signal transducing receptor Ret were all down-regulated by RA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Transcripts for all three retinoic acid receptors RaRalpha, RaRbeta and RaRgamma as well as the enzymes involved in RA synthesis, Adh-1 and RALDH-2, RALDH-3, were present in both sympathetic targets and neurons. Studies with retinoic acid receptor agonists and antagonists revealed that the effects of RA on receptor expression were mediated mainly by RaRalpha. These findings implicate RA in regulating the actions of members of the GDNF family on developing sympathetic neurons.[1]

References

 
WikiGenes - Universities