- Carboxymethyl-substituted bifunctional chelators: preparation of aryl isothiocyanate derivatives of 3-(carboxymethyl)-3-azapentanedioic acid, 3,12-bis(carboxymethyl)-6,9-dioxa-3,12-diazatetradecanedioic++ + acid, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N'''-tetraacetic acid for use as protein labels. Kline, S.J., Betebenner, D.A., Johnson, D.K. Bioconjug. Chem. (1991)