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Lushchak, O.V. et al.

Oleh V. Lushchak, Olha I. Kubrak, Olexandr V. Lozinsky, Janet M. Storey, Kenneth B. Storey, Volodymyr I. Lushchak,

Chromium(III) induces oxidative stress in goldfish liver and kidney.

In the environment chromium is found mainly in two valence states-hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and trivalent chromium (Cr3+). The present study evaluates the effects of Cr3+ exposure on goldfish by analyzing parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in liver and kidney of fish given 96 h exposures to Cr3+ concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/l in aquarium water. Cr3+ exposure did not alter two parameters of oxidative stress-protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxide concentrations in either organ. However, Cr3+ exposure did decrease total glutathione concentration in liver by 34-69% and in kidney to 36-49% of the respective control values. Oxidized GSSG content fell by similar percentages so that the ratio [GSSG]/[total glutathione] remained constant at all Cr3+ exposure levels except in liver under the highest, 10 mg/l, exposure level. In liver, exposure to 1-5 mg/l Cr3+ led to a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 29-36%, and at 10 mg/l Cr3+ the reduction was 54%, whereas in kidney approximately 30% reductions in SOD activity were seen at concentrations 1 and 10 mg/l Cr3+. Catalase activity was not significantly affected by 1-5 mg/l Cr3+, but was reduced by 57 and 42% in liver and kidney, respectively. Chromium exposure also reduced the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in both organs by 17-50% but did not affect glutathione reductase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. A comparison of Cr3+ effects on goldfish liver and kidney metabolism indicates that the trivalent ion induces stronger oxidative stress than Cr6+ at the same concentrations.[1]

References

Chromium(III) induces oxidative stress in goldfish liver and kidney. Lushchak, O.V., Kubrak, O.I., Lozinsky, O.V., Storey, J.M., Storey, K.B., Lushchak, V.I. Aquat. Toxicol. (2009) [Pubmed]

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