Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Sham, H.P. et al.

Attaching and Effacing Bacterial Effector NleC Suppresses Epithelial Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting NF-{kappa}B and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli are noninvasive attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens that cause intestinal inflammation and severe diarrheal disease. These pathogens utilize a type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host epithelial cells, modulating diverse cellular functions, including the release of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). While studies have implicated the effectors NleE (non-locus of enterocyte effacement [LEE]-encoded effector E) and NleH1 in suppressing IL-8 release, by preventing NF-κB nuclear translocation, the impact of these effectors only partially replicates the immunosuppressive actions of wild-type EPEC, suggesting another effector or effectors are involved. Testing an array of EPEC mutants, we identified the non-LEE-encoded effector C (NleC) as also suppressing IL-8 release. Infection by ΔnleC EPEC led to exaggerated IL-8 release from infected Caco-2 and HT-29 epithelial cells. NleC localized to EPEC-induced pedestals, with signaling studies revealing NleC inhibits both NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Using Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-adapted A/E bacterium, we found that ΔnleC and wild-type C. rodentium-infected mice carried similar pathogen burdens, yet ΔnleC strain infection led to worsened colitis. Similarly, infection with ΔnleC C. rodentium in a cecal loop model induced significantly greater chemokine responses than infection with wild-type bacteria. These studies thus advance our understanding of how A/E pathogens subvert host inflammatory responses.[1]

References

Attaching and Effacing Bacterial Effector NleC Suppresses Epithelial Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting NF-{kappa}B and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Sham, H.P., Shames, S.R., Croxen, M.A., Ma, C., Chan, J.M., Khan, M.A., Wickham, M.E., Deng, W., Finlay, B.B., Vallance, B.A. Infect. Immun. (2011) [Pubmed]

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