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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Enterocytes

 
 
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Disease relevance of Enterocytes

 

High impact information on Enterocytes

  • Here we report significant and replicable association (P = 2.1 x 10(-6)) to a common variant located in intron 28 of the gene myosin IXB (MYO9B), which encodes an unconventional myosin molecule that has a role in actin remodeling of epithelial enterocytes [5].
  • It has been suggested that HFE modulates uptake of transferrin-bound iron by undifferentiated intestinal crypt cells, thereby programming the absorptive capacity of enterocytes derived from these cells; however, this model is unproven and controversial [6].
  • We suggest that the hephaestin protein is a multicopper ferroxidase necessary for iron egress from intestinal enterocytes into the circulation and that it is an important link between copper and iron metabolism in mammals [7].
  • Ornithine carbamoyltransferase is an X-linked mitochondrial enzyme expressed in hepatocytes and enterocytes [8].
  • Mammalian Ferroportin1 is expressed at the basolateral surface of duodenal enterocytes and could export cellular iron into the circulation [9].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Enterocytes

  • CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitors act specifically on the entry of free glucose into the enterocyte, an additional means by which they can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia [10].
  • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Clostridium difficile toxin A causes secretion and intestinal inflammation in rodents by binding to a specific trisaccharide Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc on enterocyte receptors [11].
  • The spontaneous differentiation of CaCo-2 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells to enterocytes in culture is associated with a decrease in polylactosaminoglycans, particularly those attached to the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein h-lamp-1 (Youakim et al., Cancer Res., 49:6889-6895, 1989) [12].
  • RESULTS: Hypoxia did not affect villus length but enhanced (+192.6%) luminal iron uptake by increasing the rate of uptake by all enterocytes, particularly those on the upper villus [13].
  • These enterocytes have been used to study the values of intracellular free calcium and the rises in adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) induced by secretagogues in normal and cystic fibrosis cells [14].
 

Biological context of Enterocytes

 

Anatomical context of Enterocytes

 

Associations of Enterocytes with chemical compounds

  • This transporter facilitates the oral absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from the intestine into enterocytes lining the luminal wall [24].
  • When lipoxins and LXA4 stable analogs were evaluated for enterocyte functional as well as immune responses, lipoxins sharply inhibited TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release but did not alter either barrier function or agonist-stimulated chloride secretion [25].
  • In addition, aspirin-treated enterocytes generated 15R-HETE, a precursor of 15-epi-LXA4 biosynthesis, whose potent bioactions were mimicked by the stable analog 15R/S-methyl-LXA4 [25].
  • The regulation of intestinal metabolism of t-butylhydroperoxide by glucose was examined in isolated enterocytes from proximal rat intestine [26].
  • In F/A-2(+/+) transgenic mice, which overexpress arginase in their enterocytes, circulating and tissue arginine concentrations are reduced to 30-35% of controls [27].
 

Gene context of Enterocytes

  • In addition, enterocyte concentrations of CYP3A4 measured before grapefruit juice consumption correlated with the increase in Cmax when felodipine was taken with either the 1st or the 16th glass of grapefruit juice relative to water (r = 0. 67, P = 0.043, and r = 0.71, P = 0.022, respectively) [28].
  • Furthermore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 represent apical sterol export pumps that promote active efflux of cholesterol and plant sterols from enterocytes back into the intestinal lumen for excretion [29].
  • Recent research suggests that the newly identified Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1) is expressed at the apical surface of enterocytes and plays a critical role in the absorption of intestinal cholesterol [29].
  • Lymphotoxin beta (LTalpha1beta2) expressed on the membrane of immune cells triggers CCL20 expression in enterocytes [30].
  • These results also suggest that LR-associated Akt2 may be involved in enterocyte differentiation [31].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Enterocytes

References

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  13. Increased duodenal iron uptake and transfer in a rat model of chronic hypoxia is accompanied by reduced hepcidin expression. Leung, P.S., Srai, S.K., Mascarenhas, M., Churchill, L.J., Debnam, E.S. Gut (2005) [Pubmed]
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  18. Biogenesis of intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in adults with lactose intolerance. Evidence for reduced biosynthesis and slowed-down maturation in enterocytes. Sterchi, E.E., Mills, P.R., Fransen, J.A., Hauri, H.P., Lentze, M.J., Naim, H.Y., Ginsel, L., Bond, J. J. Clin. Invest. (1990) [Pubmed]
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