High impact information on ZHX1

• While studying mechanisms of glomerular disease, rat ZHX3 was cloned from a down-regulated gene fragment; its cellular localization, DNA binding, and transcriptional repressor properties were characterized; and its ability to influence podocyte gene expression directly or via ZHX1 and ZHX2 was studied [1].
• Using a yeast two-hybrid system, a novel ubiquitous transcription factor ZHX2 as a ZHX1-interacting protein was cloned [2].
• ZHX2 not only forms a heterodimer with ZHX1, but also forms a homodimer [2].
• Molecular cloning and determination of the nucleotide sequence of the full-length cDNA encoding a novel protein revealed that it consists of 956 amino acid residues and contains two zinc-finger (Znf) motifs and five homeodomains (HDs) as well as ZHX1 [3].
• Nuclear proteins such as ZHX1, transcriptional co-factors and DNA-binding proteins, zyxin, androgen-induced aldose reductase and eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukaemia gene, as well as some unknown proteins, were cloned [3].

Biological context of ZHX1

• ZHX2 consists of 837 amino acid residues and contains two zinc-finger motifs and five homeodomains (HDs) as well as ZHX1 [2].
• Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a protein which interacts with the activation domain of the A subunit of nuclear factor-Y [4].
• Furthermore, transfection experiments with green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression vectors into human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells reveal that full-length ZHX1 fused to the GFP is localized in the nuclei [4].
• The rat counterpart of ZHX1 cDNAs was cloned from an ovarian granulosa cell complementary DNA (cDNA) library, indicating that ZHX1 is able to form a homodimer [4].
• All GFP-ZHX1 fusion proteins including an arginine-rich region that corresponds to the amino acid sequence between 734 and 768 were localized in the nuclei [5].

Anatomical context of ZHX1

• The effect of IL-2 on the expression of the mouse zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) gene was investigated in a mouse cytotoxic T cell line, CTLL-2 cells [6].

Associations of ZHX1 with chemical compounds

• Two different domains of NF-YA, a glutamine-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich region, are necessary for the interactions with ZHX1 and SRF, respectively [7].
• Thus, we conclude that IL-2 induces the expression of the mouse ZHX1 gene in CTLL-2 cells, that both Janus kinase 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways are involved in the induction, and that the increased mRNA stability results in the induction [6].

Other interactions of ZHX1

• We concluded that the protein forms the ZHX family with ZHX1 and denoted it ZHX3 [3].
• Amino acids located between 272 and 564, a region that contains two homeodomains, are required for the interaction of ZHX1 with NF-YA [7].
• Using a fragment of the NF-YA subunit as bait we isolated a cDNA that encodes most of the open reading frame of the human zinc fingers and homeobox 1 (ZHX1) protein [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ZHX1

• Northern blot analysis shows that ZHX1 messenger RNA is expressed ubiquitously and that the level in the ovary are not regulated by gonadotropins [4].
• Functional analysis and the molecular dissection of zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) [5].

References