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Gene Review:

TT12 - protein TRANSPARENT TESTA 12

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: ATTT12, TRANSPARENT TESTA 12

Marinova, K. et al., Marles, M.A. et al., Debeaujon, I. et al., Sharma, S.B. et al.

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High impact information on TT12

The phenotype of the mutant and the nature of the gene suggest that TT12 may control the vacuolar sequestration of flavonoids in the seed coat endothelium [1].
Ectopic expression of the maize Lc MYC transcription factor weakly induced AHA10 but did not induce BANYULS, TT12 or accumulation of proanthocyanidins [2].
Nevertheless, a vacuolar transmembrane protein TT12, defined by the Arabidopsis tt12 mutant, is involved in transport of proanthocyanidin polymer into the vacuole for accumulation [3].

Associations of TT12 with chemical compounds

Mutant banyuls (ban) seeds accumulate anthocyanins instead of proanthocyanidins, yet the ban tt12 double mutant exhibits reduced anthocyanin accumulation, which supports the transport data suggesting that TT12 mediates anthocyanin transport in vitro [4].

References

The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium. Debeaujon, I., Peeters, A.J., Léon-Kloosterziel, K.M., Koornneef, M. Plant Cell (2001) [Pubmed]
Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins by ectopic expression of transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sharma, S.B., Dixon, R.A. Plant J. (2005) [Pubmed]
New perspectives on proanthocyanidin biochemistry and molecular regulation. Marles, M.A., Ray, H., Gruber, M.Y. Phytochemistry (2003) [Pubmed]
The Arabidopsis MATE transporter TT12 acts as a vacuolar flavonoid/H+ -antiporter active in proanthocyanidin-accumulating cells of the seed coat. Marinova, K., Pourcel, L., Weder, B., Schwarz, M., Barron, D., Routaboul, J.M., Debeaujon, I., Klein, M. Plant. Cell (2007) [Pubmed]

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