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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 
 
 

Dephosphorylation of histone gamma-H2AX during repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells and its inhibition by calyculin A.

The induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by ionizing radiation in mammalian chromosomes leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-139 in the replacement histone H2AX, but the molecular mechanism(s) of the elimination of phosphorylated H2AX (called gamma-H2AX) from chromatin in the course of DSB repair remains unknown. We showed earlier that gamma-H2AX cannot be replaced by exchange with free H2AX, suggesting the direct dephosphorylation of H2AX in chromatin by a protein phosphatase. Here we studied the dynamics of dephosphorylation of gamma-H2AX in vivo and found that more than 50% was dephosphorylated in 3 h, but a significant amount of gamma-H2AX could be detected even 6 h after the induction of DSBs. At this time, a significant fraction of the gamma-H2AX nuclear foci co-localized with the foci of RAD50 protein that did not co-localize with replication sites. However, gamma-H2AX could be detected in some cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate which accumulated RAD18 protein at stalled replication sites. We also found that calyculin A inhibited early elimination of gamma-H2AX and DSB rejoining in vivo and that protein phosphatase 1 was able to remove phosphate groups from gamma-H2AX-containing chromatin in vitro. Our results confirm the tight association between DSBs and gamma-H2AX and the coupling of its in situ dephosphorylation to DSB repair.[1]

References

  1. Dephosphorylation of histone gamma-H2AX during repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells and its inhibition by calyculin A. Nazarov, I.B., Smirnova, A.N., Krutilina, R.I., Svetlova, M.P., Solovjeva, L.V., Nikiforov, A.A., Oei, S.L., Zalenskaya, I.A., Yau, P.M., Bradbury, E.M., Tomilin, N.V. Radiat. Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
 
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