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Yang, J. et al.

Yang, Acosta, Si, Zeng, Li, Liang, Ochiai, Page, Danovaro-Holliday, Zhang, Zhou, Liao, Wang, Tan, Tang, Gong, Park, Ali, Ivanoff, Liang, Yang, Pang, Xu, Donner, Galindo, Dong, Clemens,

A mass vaccination campaign targeting adults and children to prevent typhoid fever in Hechi; expanding the use of Vi polysaccharide vaccine in southeast China: a cluster-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: One of the goals of this study was to learn the coverage, safety and logistics of a mass vaccination campaign against typhoid fever in children and adults using locally produced typhoid Vi polysaccharide (PS) and group A meningococcal PS vaccines in southern China. METHODS: The vaccination campaign targeted 118,588 persons in Hechi, Guangxi Province, aged between 5 to 60 years, in 2003. The study area was divided into 107 geographic clusters, which were randomly allocated to receive one of the single-dose parenteral vaccines. All aspects regarding vaccination logistics, feasibility and safety were documented and systematically recorded. Results of the logistics, feasibility and safety are reported. RESULTS: The campaign lasted 5 weeks and the overall vaccination coverage was 78%. On average, the 30 vaccine teams gave immunizations on 23 days. Vaccine rates were higher in those aged < or = 15 years (90%) than in adolescents and young adults (70%). Planned mop-up activities increased the coverage by 17%. The overall vaccine wastage was 11%. The cold chain was maintained and documented. 66 individuals reported of adverse events out of all vaccinees, where fever (21%), malaise (19%) and local redness (19%) were the major symptoms; no life-threatening event occurred. Three needle-sharp events were reported. CONCLUSION: The mass immunization proved feasible and safe, and vaccine coverage was high. Emphasis should be placed on: injection safety measures, community involvement and incorporation of mop-up strategies into any vaccination campaign. School-based and all-age Vi mass immunizations programs are potentially important public health strategies for prevention of typhoid fever in high-risk populations in southern China.[1]

References

A mass vaccination campaign targeting adults and children to prevent typhoid fever in Hechi; expanding the use of Vi polysaccharide vaccine in southeast China: a cluster-randomized trial. Yang, J., Acosta, C.J., Si, G.A., Zeng, J., Li, C.Y., Liang, D.B., Ochiai, R.L., Page, A.L., Danovaro-Holliday, M.C., Zhang, J., Zhou, B.D., Liao, H.Z., Wang, M.L., Tan, D.M., Tang, Z.Z., Gong, J., Park, J.K., Ali, M., Ivanoff, B., Liang, G.C., Yang, H.H., Pang, T., Xu, Z.Y., Donner, A., Galindo, C.M., Dong, B.Q., Clemens, J.D. BMC public health [electronic resource]. (2005) [Pubmed]

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