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Kanneganti, T.D. et al.

Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3.

Missense mutations in the CIAS1 gene cause three autoinflammatory disorders: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and neonatal-onset multiple-system inflammatory disease. Cryopyrin (also called Nalp3), the product of CIAS1, is a member of the NOD-LRR protein family that has been linked to the activation of intracellular host defence signalling pathways. Cryopyrin forms a multi-protein complex termed 'the inflammasome', which contains the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein ( ASC) and caspase-1, and promotes caspase-1 activation and processing of pro-interleukin (IL)-1beta (ref. 4). Here we show the effect of cryopyrin deficiency on inflammasome function and immune responses. Cryopyrin and ASC are essential for caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta and IL-18 production in response to bacterial RNA and the imidazoquinoline compounds R837 and R848. In contrast, secretion of tumour-necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6, as well as activation of NF-kappaB and mitogen- activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were unaffected by cryopyrin deficiency. Furthermore, we show that Toll-like receptors and cryopyrin control the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18 through different intracellular pathways. These results reveal a critical role for cryopyrin in host defence through bacterial RNA- mediated activation of caspase-1, and provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory syndromes.[1]

References

Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3. Kanneganti, T.D., Ozören, N., Body-Malapel, M., Amer, A., Park, J.H., Franchi, L., Whitfield, J., Barchet, W., Colonna, M., Vandenabeele, P., Bertin, J., Coyle, A., Grant, E.P., Akira, S., Núñez, G. Nature (2006) [Pubmed]

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