- Malaria parasites can develop stable resistance to artemisinin but lack mutations in candidate genes atp6 (encoding the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase), tctp, mdr1, and cg10. Afonso, A., Hunt, P., Cheesman, S., Alves, A.C., Cunha, C.V., do Rosário, V., Cravo, P. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2006)