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Gridley, D.S. et al.

Daila S. Gridley, Michael J. Pecaut, Asma Rizvi, George B. Coutrakon, Xian Luo-Owen, Adeola Y. Makinde, James M. Slater,

Low-dose, low-dose-rate proton radiation modulates CD4(+) T cell gene expression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate cluster of differentiation 4(+) (CD4(+)) T cell gene expression and related parameters after whole-body exposure to proton radiation as it occurs in the spaceflight environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were irradiated to total doses of 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 gray (Gy) at 0.1 cGy/h. On day 0 spleens were harvested from a subset in the 0, 0.01 and 0.1 Gy groups; (CD4(+)) T cells were isolated; and expression of 84 genes relevant to T helper (Th) cell function was determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Remaining mice were euthanized on days 0, 4, and 21 for additional analyses. RESULTS: Genes with >2-fold difference and p < 0.05 compared to 0 Gy were noted. After 0.01 Gy, five genes were up-regulated (Ccr5, Cd40, Cebpb, Igsf6, Tnfsf4) and three were down-regulated (Il4ra, Mapk8, Nfkb1). After 0.1 Gy there were nine up-regulated genes (Ccr4, Cd40, Cebpb, Cxcr3, Socs5, Stat4, Tbx21, Tnfrsf4, Tnfsf4); none were down-regulated. On day 0 after 0.01 Gy, CD4(+) T cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratio were low in the spleen (p < 0.05). Spontaneous DNA synthesis in both spleen and blood was lowest in the 0.01 Gy group on day 0; on days 4 and 21 all p values were >0. 1. CONCLUSION: The data show that the pattern of gene expression in CD4(+) T cells after protracted low-dose proton irradiation was significantly modified and highly dependent upon total dose. The findings also suggest that low-dose radiation, especially 0.01 Gy, may enhance CD4(+) T cell responsiveness.[1]

References

Low-dose, low-dose-rate proton radiation modulates CD4(+) T cell gene expression. Gridley, D.S., Pecaut, M.J., Rizvi, A., Coutrakon, G.B., Luo-Owen, X., Makinde, A.Y., Slater, J.M. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. (2009) [Pubmed]

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