The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 
 
 

Growth factors, mitogens, cytokines, and bone morphogenetic protein in induced chondrogenesis in tissue culture.

Connective tissue outgrowths of neonatal muscle onto a substratum of bone matrix differentiate into cartilage in response to a bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP). The BMP can be separated from bone matrix by extraction with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) or degraded in situ by endogenous proteolytic enzymes to deactivate the matrix. Rat triceps muscle was minced in a suspension of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins including BMP ( BMP/NCP) in culture medium. To investigate the possible synergistic interactions in induced chondrogenesis, six biosynthesized, highly purified growth factors were similarly added to the culture alone or in combination with BMP. Human interleukin-1 ( IL-1) and Forskolin were also introduced to test the effects on BMP/NCP-induced chondrogenesis. On Day 14 of cultivation, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and [35S]sulfate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were measured, and the values were expressed as percentages of the control. The quantity of induced cartilage formation was estimated by a histomorphometric scoring system. Under the influence of BMP/NCP, cultures grew on deactivated matrix, incorporated 55% more [3H]thymidine into DNA, incorporated 115% more [35S]sulfate into GAG than control cultures, and differentiated into cartilage. Without BMP/NCP, growth factors, IL-1, and Forskolin did not produce a comparable incorporation of either [3H]thymidine or [35S]sulfate, and they induced differentiation of fibrous tissue only. In the presence of BMP/NCP, cartilage developed in nearly all cultures. When the media were supplemented with growth factors, measurable increases in uptake of [3H]thymidine occurred with human epidermal growth factor (h-EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), nerve growth factor ( NGF), transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta), bovine acidic fibroblast growth factor (baFGF), IL-1, bovine basic fibroblast growth factor ( bbFGF), and Forskolin. Measurable increases in uptake of [35S]sulfate into GAG occurred with IL-1, baFGF, TGF-beta, h-EGF, IGF-1, bbFGF, NGF, and Forskolin. Synergistic interaction with BMP was considered when the quantity of cartilage developed (on a scale of 0-12 scores) in excess of the quantity of Score 4 induced by BMP/NCP alone. A cytokine, IL-1, had the greatest effect (Score 9). TGF-beta (Score 7), baFGF (Score 6), and NGF (Score 6) had relatively little effect. h-EGF, IGF-1, bbFGF, and Forskolin had no effect on cartilage development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[1]

References

 
WikiGenes - Universities