- Low maternal serum unconjugated estriol during prenatal screening as an indication of placental steroid sulfatase deficiency and X-linked ichthyosis. Keren, D.F., Canick, J.A., Johnson, M.Z., Schaldenbrand, J.D., Haning, R.V., Hackett, R. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. (1995)