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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

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The bladder as a bioreactor: urothelium production and secretion of growth hormone into urine.

Uroplakin genes are expressed in a bladder-specific and differentiation-dependent fashion. Using a 3.6-kb promoter of mouse uroplakin II gene, we have generated transgenic mice that express human growth hormone ( hGH) in their bladder epithelium, resulting in its secretion into the urine at 100-500 ng/ml. The levels of urine hGH concentration remain constant for longer than 8 months. hGH is present as aggregates mostly in the uroplakin-delivering cytoplasmic vesicles that are targeted to fuse with the apical surface. Using the bladder as a bioreactor offers unique advantages, including the utility of all animals throughout their lives. Using urine, which contains little protein and lipid, as a starting material facilitates recombinant protein purification.[1]

References

  1. The bladder as a bioreactor: urothelium production and secretion of growth hormone into urine. Kerr, D.E., Liang, F., Bondioli, K.R., Zhao, H., Kreibich, G., Wall, R.J., Sun, T.T. Nat. Biotechnol. (1998) [Pubmed]
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