Disease relevance of Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• In two cell types, the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and BHK cells double transfected with cDNA's encoding for the human CD-MPR and CI-MPR, we found the two receptors at the same sites: the trans-Golgi reticulum (TGR), endosomes, electron-dense cytoplasmic vesicles, and the plasma membrane [1].
• Confocal microscopic analyses of HeLa cells showed a time-dependent uncoating of capsids in cytoplasmic vesicles and the accumulation of both L2 and viral DNA at distinct nuclear domains identified as nuclear domain 10 (ND10) [2].
• In B16a melanoma cells, protein kinase-C-alpha (PKC alpha) is immunomorphologically associated with cytoplasmic vesicles in addition to the previously observed locations (plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, nucleus), as detected with monoclonal antibody (MAb) MC3a [3].
• Endocytosis of fluorescent or biotinylated TTR was observed in ependymoma cells in cytoplasmic vesicles but TTR did not colocalize with clathrin in endocytic coated vesicles [4].
• Dehydration increased the expression of aquaporin of collecting duct (AQP-2) and translocated AQP-2 to the apical plasma membranes from cytoplasmic vesicles of collecting duct cells [5].

High impact information on Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• The glycoprotein synthesized in non-NE cells is indistinguishable from SY of NE cells and is integrated with similar, if not identical, orientation in the membranes of a specific, novel type of small cytoplasmic vesicle that structurally resembles synaptic vesicles and in which SY is the only major protein detected [6].
• In situ hybridization on sections of human tonsil showed no ELC mRNA in HEVs, but immunostaining revealed ELC protein in cytoplasmic vesicles of HEV cells [7].
• We demonstrate that ITM2A is a type II membrane glycoprotein that exists as two species with apparent M(r) of 45 and 43 kD and appears to localize primarily to large cytoplasmic vesicles and the Golgi apparatus, but is also expressed on the cell surface [8].
• In these systems, the nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NONOate and the NO synthase substrate L-arginine mimicked the effect of VP, stimulating relocation of AQP2 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane [9].
• In all the cells of the nephron numerous cytoplasmic vesicles containing free and budding particles (80-200 nm) were found [10].

Biological context of Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• Thus, the different dynamin isoforms may be localized to distinct cellular compartments but provide a similar scission function during the biogenesis of nascent cytoplasmic vesicles [11].
• In interphase cells, betaIII spectrin and dynactin both localize to cytoplasmic vesicles, co-localizing most significantly in the perinuclear region of the cell [12].
• The other proceeds by way of an ouabain-resistant entry of water into apical cytoplasmic vesicles, following furosemide-sensitive movements of Cl- and Na+; the vesicles then expel their contents by exocytosis at the basolateral cell borders [13].
• Furosemide (2 mM) had little effect on water movement or ultrastructure in the absence of ouabain, but it slowed the net water loss and substantially reduced the formation of cytoplasmic vesicles in the presence of ouabain [14].
• At early stages of superficial cell differentiation cytokeratin 7 was filamentary organized, and rare uroplakins were found on the membranes of relatively small cytoplasmic vesicles, which were grouped in clusters under the apical membrane [15].

Anatomical context of Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• Membrane assembly in retinal photoreceptors I. Freeze-fracture analysis of cytoplasmic vesicles in relationship to disc assembly [16].
• A novel dynamin-like protein associates with cytoplasmic vesicles and tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells [17].
• To explore the relationship between different classes of storage vesicles, we expressed, in the neuro-endocrine cell line PC12, the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4, which is stored in small cytoplasmic vesicles in fat and muscle cells and mobilized to the cell surface when insulin is present [18].
• A polyclonal antiserum to GlyCAM-1 intensely stained intracellular organelles in the biosynthetic pathway including cytoplasmic vesicles, but failed to stain the cell surface of HEC [19].
• Refractile cytoplasmic vesicles are formed in less than 10 h when chick liver cell monolayers are incubated with serum-free medium containing 0.9 mM oleate [20].

Associations of Cytoplasmic Vesicles with chemical compounds

• In cytoplasmic vesicles containing immature AUM, the AE31 epitope is detected in patches on the cytoplasmic side, but in mature, apical AUM it is detected exclusively on the luminal side [21].
• Electron micrographs of VSV-infected MDCK cells treated with monensin show VSV particles aggregated within dilated cytoplasmic vesicles [22].
• This process was not affected by cycloheximide, presumably because a large pool of apical membrane proteins (observed in small cytoplasmic vesicles) was used to replace the endocytosed antigens [23].
• Subcellular histamine-rich sites in actively recovering basophils included condensing granules and collections of cytoplasmic vesicles in three locations: beneath the plasma membrane, adjacent to granules, and in the Golgi region [24].
• Verapamil-induced reversal of AD 198 resistance coincided with some drug redistribution from cytoplasmic vesicles, but without redistribution of AD 198 into the nucleus [25].

Gene context of Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• The sEGF was found to be colocalized with the EGFR within small cytoplasmic vesicles [26].
• ATM binds to beta-adaptin in cytoplasmic vesicles [27].
• Taken together, the presence of hamartin in the membrane/particulate fraction and its pattern of cytoplasmic staining suggest that it is localized to cytoplasmic vesicles [28].
• Fluorescently labeled LPS presented as monomeric complexes with soluble CD14 appeared in the plasma membrane of PMN by 5 min and was concentrated in cytoplasmic vesicles by 20 min [29].
• We demonstrate that unstimulated subconfluent human fetal glial cultures express high levels of CCR2 and CXCR4 receptors in cytoplasmic vesicles [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cytoplasmic Vesicles

• In media containing basal copper, MNK accumulated in cytoplasmic vesicles after treatment of cells with a variety of agents that inhibit endosomal recycling [31].
• By confocal microscopy, PBP74 was localized to cytoplasmic vesicles but not to the nucleus, mitochondria, or plasma membrane by using antibodies specific for the N-terminal 16 residues of PBP74 [32].
• Immunofluorescence microscope analysis reveals that ZnT7 is localized in the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasmic vesicles [33].
• Analysis by electron microscopy revealed lectin labeling in the Golgi apparatus, lysosomal elements, mucus droplets, cytoplasmic vesicles, and at the plasma membrane [34].
• The relation between the Golgi apparatus, cell surface, and cytoplasmic vesicles in amoebae studied by electron microscope radioautography [35].

References