Disease relevance of PTP4A2

• Expression and prognostic impact of the protein tyrosine phosphatases PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 in breast cancer [1].
• Analysis of stromal-epithelial interactions in prostate cancer identifies PTPCAAX2 as a potential oncogene [2].
• Pentamidine at a tolerable dose markedly inhibited the growth of WM9 human melanoma tumors in nude mice coincident with the induction of tumor cell necrosis and is capable of inactivating ectopically expressed PRL-2 in the cancer cells [3].
• OV-1 was used to immunoscreen an O. volvulus adult worm cDNA library [4].
• In this work, the human ovarian carcinoma cell line IGROV1 and its multidrug-resistant variant OV1/VCR were studied [5].

High impact information on PTP4A2

• Cytokeratin 18 and 19 coexpression was, however, observed all along the maturation process together with oval cell-specific markers (M2-PK, OV-1, OV-6, and CD34); kinetics and expression profiles were dependent on the cell population [6].
• The potency of GF120918 is assessed by dose-dependent sensitization of CHRC5, OV1/DXR and MCF7/ADR cells to the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and vincristine respectively: GF120918 fully reverses multidrug resistance at 0.05 to 0.1 microM and is half maximally active at 0.02 microM [7].
• Molecular modeling of the highly homologous PRL-1 and PRL-2 phosphatases revealed unique surface elements that are potentially important for specificity [8].
• Expression of PRL-2 alone inhibited the endogenous alpha/betaGGT II activity in HeLa cells [9].
• Additionally, PRL-2 prenylation is prequisite for betaGGT II binding [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of PTP4A2

• PTPCAAX2 overexpression was also detected in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines and prostate tumour tissue, as determined by RT-PCR analysis and in situ hybridisation [2].
• To characterize the membrane changes associated with cisplatin resistance, we raised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against a cisplatin-resistant subline (OV1/DDP) derived from a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OV1/p) [10].

Biological context of PTP4A2

• Cellular Localization of PRL-1 and PRL-2 Gene Expression in Normal Adult Human Tissues [11].
• In an attempt to characterise the OV-1 gene, we found that the genomic sequence present on chromosome 17 probably corresponds to a nonfunctional copy of the gene, as it contains several sequence changes that disrupt the potential coding information of the gene [12].
• The 167-amino-acid human PTP4A bears the signature active site of all PTPs, but does not show any other sequence homology to any of the previously described PTPs [13].
• Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of the corresponding yeast artificial chromosome clones and sequence-tagged site analysis suggested that one of the PTP4A coding genes is located at 1p35 and the other is on chromosome 11 [13].
• A processed pseudogene for PTP4A was found in the BRCA1 region of 17q21 and shares 96% sequence identity to one of the PTP4A coding cDNAs [13].

Anatomical context of PTP4A2

• Human PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 tyrosine phosphatases induce the malignant transformation of epithelial cells [14].
• As prenylated PRL-2 is localized to the early endosome, we propose that this is where the interaction occurs [9].
• Among the clones identified, cDNA OV-1 corresponds to a human homologue of a rat PRL-1 tyrosine phosphatase gene that shows enhanced expression during hepatic regeneration and in some tumour cell lines [12].
• We show that PTPCAAX2 expression is up-regulated 4-fold in benign prostatic fibroblast cells 24 h after stimulation with LNCaP conditioned media and up-regulated 9-fold in prostatic tumour fibroblast cells [2].
• However, many of the neural crest-derived trigeminal ganglia cells in the branchial arch localized to the non-neural crest core of the arch from HH13 and older donors [15].

Associations of PTP4A2 with chemical compounds

• Neither the OV-1 nor the PRL-1 protein shares strong homology with any previously characterised phosphotyrosine phosphatase, suggesting that they probably belong to a new phosphatase family [12].
• The drugs are converted to their methyl derivatives by a modification of the procedure of Greeley [Clin. Chem. 20, 192 (1974)] and then analyzed on a column containing 3% OV-1, with a temperature program, and detected by a nitrogen-selective detector [16].
• Gas-chromatographic retention indices are given, in terms of methylene units, for 155 metabolically important compounds (mostly organic acids) as trimethylsilyl derivatives on 10% OV-1 and 10% OV-17 columns [17].
• All the cell lines were radiation sensitive and also relatively sensitive to cisplatin; however, OV1P was the most resistant being consistent with its heterozygous P53 status [18].
• Each component demonstrated a method detection limit (MDL) in the low-to sub-ppm range (benzene 10 mg x L(-1), n-hexane 0.54 mg x L(-1)) for light coatings of a commercially available poly-(dimethylsiloxane) gum (OV-1, > 10(6) g x mol(-1)) and lower MDLs for heavier coatings [19].

Other interactions of PTP4A2

• Several of the differentially expressed genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of cHL because they represent potential oncogenes, such as rhoC, L-myc, and PTP4A, or transcription factors, such as ATF-5, ATBF1, and p21SNFT [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PTP4A2

• The retention times on capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) responded dramatically to the minor structural differences, and almost complete separation of the positional and stereochemical isomers was achieved by the combined use of SP-2340 and OV-17 (or OV-1) capillary columns [21].
• After brief incubation and centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernate is injected directly onto the 3% OV-1 column [22].
• Each of these steryl ester types can then be resubmitted to reversed-phase HPLC or analysed by GC-MS on a short fused-silica capillary column with a bonded phase of the OV-1 type [23].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Hepatoblastomas of various subtypes were investigated by electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibodies OV-1 and OV-6, which recognize antigens associated with oval cells [24].
• The separation was carried out on an OV-1 quartz capillary column, 15 m x 0.32 mm (0.52 microm), with high-purity nitrogen as carrier gas and flame ionization detector (FID) as detector [25].

References