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Gene Review:

DKK4 - dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 4

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Dickkopf-4, Dickkopf-related protein 4, Dkk-4, hDkk-4

Katoh, Y. et al., Ali, I. et al., Krupnik, V.E. et al., Yoshida, S. et al.

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Disease relevance of DKK4

DKK4 mRNA was expressed in human embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiated to an early endodermal cell type, breast cancer, and diffuse type gastric cancer [1].
Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 mRNA levels in the distal SM of the esophagitis patients were 7.0- and 3.1-fold higher, respectively, than in the distal SM of the Barrett's patients and 4.1- and 4.1-fold higher than in healthy controls, respectively [2].

High impact information on DKK4

Overexpression of Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 was further confirmed by real-time PCR [2].
Furthermore, secreted hDkk-2 and hDkk-4 undergo proteolytic processing which results in cleavage of the second cysteine-rich domain from the full-length protein [3].
DKK4 orthologs are implicated in the negative feed back mechanism of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling pathway (the canonical WNT signaling pathway) [1].
Here, we identified and characterized rat Dkk2 and Dkk4 genes by using bioinformatics [1].
TATA-box was identified within Dkk2 and Dkk4 promoters [1].

Biological context of DKK4

Comparative genomics on DKK2 and DKK4 orthologs [1].
Assignment of the human dickkopf (Xenopus) homolog 4 (DKK4) to chromosome 8p11.2-->p11.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization [4].

Associations of DKK4 with chemical compounds

Asn-linked glycosylation site at codon 52 was conserved among mammalian Dkk2 orthologs; however, Asn-linked glycosylation site was not identified among mammalian Dkk4 orthologs [1].

References

Comparative genomics on DKK2 and DKK4 orthologs. Katoh, Y., Katoh, M. Int. J. Mol. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
Dickkopf homologs in squamous mucosa of esophagitis patients are overexpressed compared with Barrett's patients and healthy controls. Ali, I., Rafiee, P., Hogan, W.J., Jacob, H.J., Komorowski, R.A., Haasler, G.B., Shaker, R. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family. Krupnik, V.E., Sharp, J.D., Jiang, C., Robison, K., Chickering, T.W., Amaravadi, L., Brown, D.E., Guyot, D., Mays, G., Leiby, K., Chang, B., Duong, T., Goodearl, A.D., Gearing, D.P., Sokol, S.Y., McCarthy, S.A. Gene (1999) [Pubmed]
Assignment of the human dickkopf (Xenopus) homolog 4 (DKK4) to chromosome 8p11.2-->p11.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Yoshida, S., Satoh, H., Mitsuya, T., Tate, G. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. (2001) [Pubmed]

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