Disease relevance of acetylglucosamine

• Using human melanoma cells stably transfected with CD44 N-linked glycosylation site-specific mutants, we show that integrity of five potential N-linked glycosylation sites within the hyaluronate recognition domain of CD44 is critical for hyaluronate binding [1].
• Based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from the virulent and avirulent A/chicken/Pennsylvania/83 influenza viruses, it was previously postulated that acquisition of virulence was associated with a point mutation that resulted in loss of a glycosylation site [2].
• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope glycoproteins vary drastically in their sensitivity to glycan processing: evidence that alteration of a single N-linked glycosylation site can regulate HBV secretion [3].
• Ten exons, 1,414 base pairs spanning 26 kilobases, contained a tyrosine kinase domain, a transmembrane domain, and a part of an extracellular domain carrying an N glycosylation site which was not acquired by UR2 sarcoma virus [4].
• Class I-restricted presentation of an HIV-1 gp41 epitope containing an N-linked glycosylation site. Implications for the mechanism of processing of viral envelope proteins [5].

Psychiatry related information on acetylglucosamine

• The Id determinants were found among antibodies to NAGA and PABA made by outbred and inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens [6].

High impact information on acetylglucosamine

• According to models of its structure, T1r3 from non-tasters is predicted to have an extra amino-terminal glycosylation site that, if used, would interfere with dimerization [7].
• We identified five distinct beta subunit phenotypes in LAD patients: undetectable beta subunit mRNA and protein precursor; low levels of beta subunit mRNA and precursor; an aberrantly large beta subunit precursor, probably due to an extra glycosylation site; an aberrantly small precursor; and a grossly normal precursor [8].
• At one interface, a single Ly49A subunit contacts one side of the MHC-I peptide-binding platform, presenting an open cavity towards the conserved glycosylation site on the H-2D(d) alpha2 domain [9].
• The major gamma-gene transcribed in mature, alpha beta-bearing T cells (V gamma 1.2C gamma 2)encodes no N-linked glycosylation site so these results suggest that the fetal gamma delta receptor defines a distinct T-cell lineage whose development in the thymus precedes classical alpha beta-bearing cells [10].
• The alpha-subunit has two and the beta-subunit one N-linked glycosylation site, and the beta-chain has in excess of four O-linked glycosylation sites [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of acetylglucosamine

• The deduced amino acid sequence of the rabbit muscle clone suggested that this protein is related to human liver thyroid hormone binding protein, rat liver protein disulfide isomerase, human hepatoma beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and hen oviduct glycosylation site binding protein [12].
• RESULTS: A series of glycosylation based on the critical A285 glycosylation site of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein from influenza from influenza virus was used as a model system to study the effects of asparagine-linked glycosylation [13].
• The substitution of a glutamine for an asparagine residue (Q-267) at a potential asparagine-linked glycosylation site in C2, which severely impairs virus infectivity, reduces intracellular processing of gp160 into gp120, the association of gp120 with virions, and the ability of gp120 to bind to the HIV-1 cell surface receptor protein, CD4 [14].
• The analysis of the enzymic digest of the cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus after reduction and acid hydrolysis showed that the enzyme cleaved the glycosidic bond between acetylmuramic acid and acetylglucosamine of the peptidoglycan moiety of the cell walls [15].
• O-Specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of Proteus penneri strain 16 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and 3,6-dideoxy-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido]- D-galactose in the ratio of 2:1:1:1 as well as a small proportion of O-acetyl groups [16].

Biological context of acetylglucosamine

• NZM2410/NZW Cr2 exhibits a single nucleotide polymorphism that introduces a novel glycosylation site, resulting in higher molecular weight proteins [17].
• Introduction of a glycosylation site into a secreted protein provides evidence for an alternative antigen processing pathway: transport of precursors of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted peptides from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol [18].
• Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain glycoproteins have an invariant N-linked glycosylation site at Asn86, which is found between two extremely variable protein domains [19].
• Removal of the N-linked glycosylation site from the v-sis gene product did not prevent cell surface transport [20].
• These data, together with biochemical analysis of the protein and cell-free translation studies, suggest that this deletion, by altering the normal amino acid sequence from Asn-Lys-Ile-Ser to Asn-Ile-Ser, creates a new glycosylation site [21].

Anatomical context of acetylglucosamine

• The glycosylation site of the Bw4-positive molecule B*5801 was mutated, and the mutant molecules tested for inhibition of NKB1+ NK cells [22].
• In pulse-chase experiments in COS cells, nonglycosylated VP7 was still detectable after a 25-min chase period, although the single glycosylation site was only 18 residues beyond the signal peptide cleavage site [23].
• Here we show that three genes required for tracheal tube morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster encode proteins involved in the synthesis and accumulation of chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine that serves as a scaffold in the rigid extracellular matrix of insect cuticle [24].
• In HeLa cells, the mutation at the mapped glycosylation site was permissive for transcriptional activation [25].
• The data suggest that a structural feature of FGF3 involving the amino-terminal region and glycosylation site has a significant bearing on its passage through the Golgi complex and may regulate the secretion of the ligand [26].

Associations of acetylglucosamine with other chemical compounds

• PreproANF is composed of a hydrophobic leader segment (20 amino acids), a precursor containing one glycosylation site (106 amino acids), and ANF (24 amino acids) [27].
• In particular, two conserved sequences in the propeptide that may be functionally significant include a potential glycosylation site and the presence of a single cysteine at position 59 [28].
• The deduced amino acid sequence reveals VP7 to be 326 amino acids in length with two NH2-terminal hydrophobic regions and a single glycosylation site at residues 69-71 [29].
• Ion exchange chromatography at high pH with pulsed amperometric detection of the eluted glycans permitted resolution of the eight major components in the mixture of asparagine-linked glycans derived from the single glycosylation site of ovalbumin [30].
• The mutation involves a substitution of the putative N-linked glycosylation site asparagine 206 by a serine residue (N206S) and results in reduced glycosylation of the transporter and decreased uptake activity [31].

Gene context of acetylglucosamine

• The vCD30 protein contains 110 aa, including a 21-residue signal peptide, a potential O-linked glycosylation site, and a 58-aa sequence sharing 51-59% identity with highly conserved extracellular segments of both mouse and human CD30 [32].
• The Con1 glycoprotein is encoded in exon 3 of a PRB2 allele (PRB2L CON1+) with a potential N-linked glycosylation site [33].
• We show that mutation of a single potential N-linked glycosylation site in the first immunoglobulin domain of CD22 completely abrogates ligand recognition [34].
• A single N-linked glycosylation site is implicated in the regulation of ligand recognition by the I-type lectins CD22 and CD33 [34].
• Using a sensitive approach that combines in-gel glycosidase and protease digestions, permethylation of released glycans, and mass spectrometry, we have elucidated for the first time the native glycoform structures of the mouse UPIa receptor and those of its non-binding homolog, UPIb, and have determined the glycosylation site occupancy [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of acetylglucosamine

• Using site-directed mutagenesis to insert an N-linked glycosylation site we show that a portion of this region is present in the lumen [36].
• Sequence and glycosylation site identity of two distinct glycoforms of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen as demonstrated by sequence analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry [37].
• Glycopeptides derived from each glycosylation site were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry [38].
• Discrepancies between the protein and cDNA sequences of the E. corallodendron lectin were resolved by combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry peptide mapping and protein sequencing experiments, and the presence of a second glycosylation site was demonstrated [39].
• Each glycosylation site was then isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column [40].

References