Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

Editor

Personal info

View

About

Terms

Javascript disabled

Please enable Javascript support in your browser to use this application.

Instructions on how to enable JavaScript on different browsers can be found here: http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=23852.

[edit this page]

Gene Review:

cyiiib - cytoskeletal actin CyIIIb

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Durica, D.S. et al., Chan, S.M. et al., Akhurst, R.J. et al., Flytzanis, C.N. et al., Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, A. et al., et al.

Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, Leahy, Flytzanis,

Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.

High impact information on CyIIIb

Embryonic nuclear proteins from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus bind in vitro to a cis-acting element that lies upstream of the actin gene CyIIIb and consists of two direct repeats homologous to steroid hormone response elements [1].
Nuclear SpSHR2 in blastula extracts binds to the C1R hormone response element in the upstream promoter region of the CyIIIb actin gene indicating that the latter may be a target of this nuclear receptor in the sea urchin embryo [2].
The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus CyIIIb actin gene codes for a cytoskeletal type actin and is activated in the early embryo specifically in the cells destined to become the aboral ectoderm [3].
The functional genes CyIIIa and CyIIIb are linked at a 6 X 10(3)-base distance [4].
As is the case with the other sea urchin cytoskeletal actin genes previously studied, the CyIIb and CyIIIb genes contain two introns that interrupt the coding DNA following codon 121 and within codon 204 [5].

Biological context of CyIIIb

Although CyIIIb exhibits strong nucleotide sequence similarity outside of coding DNA with the neighboring CyIIIa gene, it differs from that gene at six codons [5].
The general organization and primary amino acid sequences of the S. purpuratus cytoskeletal actin genes CyIIb and CyIIIb have been determined from restriction enzyme analysis, DNA sequencing, and RNA mapping studies [5].
We present here the complete nucleotide sequence of the CyIIIb gene, which lies within the 10,361 base pairs of the sequenced region [6].
The 5' flanking sequence of the CyIIIb gene shows a remarkable homology (approximately 75-80%) with the CyIIIa upstream region up to the position -200 and a lack of any obvious similarity further upstream [6].

Anatomical context of CyIIIb

Consideration of the biological role of the embryo and larval aboral ectoderm cells to which CyIIIa and CyIIIb transcripts are confined suggests that these actins might contribute to cytoskeletal elements that endow the larval body wall with its rigid structure [4].

Other interactions of CyIIIb

Sea urchin HMG1 was purified as one of the nuclear embryonic proteins which associate with an upstream regulatory element (E1) of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp) CyIIIb actin-encoding gene [7].

References

SpCOUP-TF: a sea urchin member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family. Chan, S.M., Xu, N., Niemeyer, C.C., Bone, J.R., Flytzanis, C.N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed]
Embryonic and post-embryonic utilization and subcellular localization of the nuclear receptor SpSHR2 in the sea urchin. Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, A., Leahy, P.S., Flytzanis, C.N. J. Cell. Sci. (1998) [Pubmed]
Upstream elements involved in the embryonic regulation of the sea urchin CyIIIb actin gene: temporal and spatial specific interactions at a single cis-acting element. Niemeyer, C.C., Flytzanis, C.N. Dev. Biol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Structure and organization of the CyIII actin gene subfamily of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Akhurst, R.J., Calzone, F.J., Lee, J.J., Britten, R.J., Davidson, E.H. J. Mol. Biol. (1987) [Pubmed]
DNA sequence analysis and structural relationships among the cytoskeletal actin genes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Durica, D.S., Garza, D., Restrepo, M.A., Hryniewicz, M.M. J. Mol. Evol. (1988) [Pubmed]
Expression and structure of the CyIIIb actin gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Flytzanis, C.N., Bogosian, E.A., Niemeyer, C.C. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (1989) [Pubmed]
Purification of a high-mobility-group 1 sea-urchin protein and cloning of cDNAs. Niemeyer, C.C., Foerster-Ziober, A., Flytzanis, C.N. Gene (1995) [Pubmed]

Contributions to this collaborative article are from individual authors of WikiGenes or mined by the WikiGenes Data Mining Engine from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.About WikiGenes Open Access Licence Privacy Policy Terms of Use apsburg

The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.