- T to C substitution at -175 or -173 of the gamma-globin promoter affects GATA-1 and Oct-1 binding in vitro differently but can independently reproduce the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin phenotype in transgenic mice. Liu, L.R., Du, Z.W., Zhao, H.L., Liu, X.L., Huang, X.D., Shen, J., Ju, L.M., Fang, F.D., Zhang, J.W. J. Biol. Chem. (2005)