Syntrophins Regulate {alpha}1D-Adrenergic Receptors through a PDZ Domain-mediated Interaction.
To find novel cytoplasmic binding partners of the alpha(1D)-adrenergic receptor (AR), a yeast two-hybrid screen using the alpha(1D)-AR C terminus as bait was performed on a human brain cDNA library. alpha-Syntrophin, a protein containing one PDZ domain and two pleckstrin homology domains, was isolated in this screen as an alpha(1D)-AR-interacting protein. alpha-Syntrophin specifically recognized the C terminus of alpha(1D)- but not alpha(1A)- or alpha(1B)-ARs. In blot overlay assays, the PDZ domains of syntrophin isoforms alpha, beta1, and beta2 but not gamma1 or gamma2 showed strong selective interactions with the alpha(1D)-AR C-tail fusion protein. In transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, full-length alpha(1D)- but not alpha(1A)- or alpha(1B)-ARs co-immunoprecipitated with syntrophins, and the importance of the receptor C terminus for the alpha(1D)-AR/syntrophin interaction was confirmed using chimeric receptors. Mutation of the PDZ-interacting motif at the alpha(1D)-AR C terminus markedly decreased inositol phosphate formation stimulated by norepinephrine but not carbachol in transfected HEK293 cells. This mutation also dramatically decreased alpha(1D)-AR binding and protein expression. In addition, stable overexpression of alpha-syntrophin significantly increased alpha(1D)-AR protein expression and binding but did not affect those with a mutated PDZ-interacting motif, suggesting that syntrophin plays an important role in maintaining receptor stability by directly interacting with the receptor PDZ-interacting motif. This direct interaction may provide new information about the regulation of alpha(1D)-AR signaling and the role of syntrophins in modulating G protein-coupled receptor function.[1]References
- Syntrophins Regulate {alpha}1D-Adrenergic Receptors through a PDZ Domain-mediated Interaction. Chen, Z., Hague, C., Hall, R.A., Minneman, K.P. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
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