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SLC22A16  -  solute carrier family 22 (organic...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: CT2, Carnitine transporter 2, FLIPT2, Flipt 2, OAT6, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of SLC22A16

  • Characterization of SLC22A16 will help in designing novel therapies targeting hematological malignancies [1].
  • Identification of OCT6 as a novel organic cation transporter preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells and leukemias [2].
  • In colorectal cancer samples, both antibodies stained 47/89 (53%) samples; CT2 reacted in 13/14 (93%) of benign samples while CT33 showed a positive reaction in 9/14 (64%) of benign specimens [3].
  • RESULTS: By IHC, 146/163 (90%) and 151/163 (93%) of breast cancer were positive with CT33 and CT2, respectively; a statistically significant correlation was obtained (t=0.5199) [3].
  • Cytotoxins CT1 and CT2 from Naja oxiana, CT3 from Naja kaouthia and CT1 from Naja haje are demonstrated to possess this property with respect to human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cells [4].
 

High impact information on SLC22A16

  • When CHO cells transfected with F/Y CT2 (CHO-F/Y CT2) were stimulated with insulin, autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor and the phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate (pp185) in the intact cell were normal compared with cells expressing HIR (CHO-HIR) [5].
  • However, the dose-response curve of insulin-stimulated thymidine incorporation in CHO-F/Y CT2 was shifted to the left (approximately 5-7-fold) compared with that in CHO-HIR [5].
  • Tyrosine kinase activities of F/Y CT2 and HIR toward exogenous substrates were almost equal [5].
  • CHO-F/Y CT2 exhibited the same insulin sensitivity as CHO-HIR with respect to 2-deoxyglucose uptake [5].
  • In contrast to OKB2, OKB4, and OKB7, OKB1 reacted with a variable percentage of normal peripheral B cells (approximately 70 to 95%) [6].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of SLC22A16

 

Biological context of SLC22A16

 

Anatomical context of SLC22A16

  • In cytotoxic assays, stable transfectants of leukemic Jurkat cells overexpressing SLC22A16 cells became significantly more sensitive to doxorubicin (2 microM) treatment [1].
  • To further define the expression of OCT6 in hematopoietic tissues, we measured OCT6 RNA levels in sorted peripheral blood cell populations and found a clear enrichment of OCT6-expressing cells in purified CD34(+) cells [2].
  • Functional studies employing polyclonally activated B cells in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven system and the reverse hemolytic plaque assay for the quantitation of Ig secreting plasma cells demonstrated that OKB1 and OKB2 inhibited the generation of plaque-forming cells (PFC) when added to cultures at day 0 [6].
  • Nerve path pioneering was observed in two cell pairs of the distal tarsus (Ta1 and Ta2), by neurons of the posterior proximal tibia (Ti2), the posterior midfemur (neurons F3 and F4), and by an additional cell pair in the anterior coxal-trochanteral region of the limb bud (cell pair, CT2) [9].
  • OCTN2 mRNA was expressed in astrocytes, whereas the expression of OCTN1, OCTN3 and CT2 mRNA could not be detected [10].
 

Associations of SLC22A16 with chemical compounds

  • Characterization of the organic cation transporter SLC22A16: a doxorubicin importer [1].
  • The antibodies employed were anti-MUC1 CT (CT2 monoclonal antibody, MAb) and C595 MAb against the extracellular MUC1 core protein [11].
  • The macrophage-like cell line, J774, and its variant, CT2, were used to study the effect of verapamil on metabolism of esterified cholesterol [12].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SLC22A16

  • Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses show that SLC22A16 is expressed in primary samples taken from patients with acute leukemia [1].
  • Immunoprecipitation studies with OKB1, OKB4, and OKB7 demonstrated that these antibodies precipitated antigens of approximately 168,000, 87,000, and 175,000 m.w., respectively [6].
  • Following 48 h of experimental procedures, the expression of all these four molecular markers of plasticity was reduced in SD and CT1 groups compared to the CT2 and cage control groups [13].
  • However, the faster moving subunit on SDS-PAGE was resolved into two bands (CT2 and CT3) on SDS-4M urea-PAGE [14].
  • Monoclonal antibodies to mammalian alpha and beta-tubulin subunits (MCA-T alpha and MCA-T beta, respectively) and Western blot analysis clearly demonstrated a cross-reactivity of MCA-T alpha with MBT2, MBT3, CT2 and CT3, while MCA-T beta showed cross-reactivity with MBT1 and CT1 [14].

References

  1. Characterization of the organic cation transporter SLC22A16: a doxorubicin importer. Okabe, M., Unno, M., Harigae, H., Kaku, M., Okitsu, Y., Sasaki, T., Mizoi, T., Shiiba, K., Takanaga, H., Terasaki, T., Matsuno, S., Sasaki, I., Ito, S., Abe, T. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Identification of OCT6 as a novel organic cation transporter preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells and leukemias. Gong, S., Lu, X., Xu, Y., Swiderski, C.F., Jordan, C.T., Moscow, J.A. Exp. Hematol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. MUC1 cytoplasmic tail detection using CT33 polyclonal and CT2 monoclonal antibodies in breast and colorectal tissue. Croce, M.V., Isla-Larrain, M., Remes-Lenicov, F., Colussi, A.G., Lacunza, E., Kim, K.C., Gendler, S.J., Segal-Eiras, A. Histol. Histopathol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Cancer cell injury by cytotoxins from cobra venom is mediated through lysosomal damage. Feofanov, A.V., Sharonov, G.V., Astapova, M.V., Rodionov, D.I., Utkin, Y.N., Arseniev, A.S. Biochem. J. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Enhanced insulin-induced mitogenesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities in mutant insulin receptors with substitution of two COOH-terminal tyrosine autophosphorylation sites by phenylalanine. Ando, A., Momomura, K., Tobe, K., Yamamoto-Honda, R., Sakura, H., Tamori, Y., Kaburagi, Y., Koshio, O., Akanuma, Y., Yazaki, Y. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  6. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human B lymphocytes. Mittler, R.S., Talle, M.A., Carpenter, K., Rao, P.E., Goldstein, G. J. Immunol. (1983) [Pubmed]
  7. Control of myelination in Schwann cells: a Krox20 cis-regulatory element integrates Oct6, Brn2 and Sox10 activities. Ghislain, J., Charnay, P. EMBO Rep. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. T antigen of human papovavirus JC stimulates transcription of the POU domain factor Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. Renner, K., Sock, E., Gerber, J.K., Wegner, M. DNA Cell Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  9. Embryogenesis of peripheral nerve pathways in grasshopper legs. II. The major nerve routes. Keshishian, H., Bentley, D. Dev. Biol. (1983) [Pubmed]
  10. Functional expression of the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 in rat astrocytes. Inazu, M., Takeda, H., Maehara, K., Miyashita, K., Tomoda, A., Matsumiya, T. J. Neurochem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Patterns of MUC1 tissue expression defined by an anti-MUC1 cytoplasmic tail monoclonal antibody in breast cancer. Croce, M.V., Isla-Larrain, M.T., Rua, C.E., Rabassa, M.E., Gendler, S.J., Segal-Eiras, A. J. Histochem. Cytochem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  12. Effect of verapamil on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and reesterification in macrophages. Stein, O., Stein, Y. Arteriosclerosis (1987) [Pubmed]
  13. Suppression of hippocampal plasticity-related gene expression by sleep deprivation in rats. Guzman-Marin, R., Ying, Z., Suntsova, N., Methippara, M., Bashir, T., Szymusiak, R., Gomez-Pinilla, F., McGinty, D. J. Physiol. (Lond.) (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. Some biochemical properties of higher plant tubulins. Mizuno, K., Perkin, J., Sek, F., Gunning, B. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. (1985) [Pubmed]
 
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