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Gene Review

hcr  -  HCP oxidoreductase

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2

 
 
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Disease relevance of hcr

  • A total of 228 pesticides (88 insecticides, 60 fungicides, 62 herbicides, 12 plant-growth regulators, 3 metabolites and 3 other compounds) was tested for mutagenicity in bacterial reversion-assay systems with 5 strains (TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538) of Salmonella typhimurium and a strain (WP2 hcr) of Escherichia coli [1].
  • 18 feed additives were tested for DNA-modifying effects by the repair test named "rec-assay" with Bacillus subtillis H17 (rec+) and M45 (rec-), and for mutagenicity with Escherichia coli WP2 hcr and 5 Salmonella typhimurium tester strains with the use of a top-agar overlay method [2].
 

High impact information on hcr

  • Three hcr loci and four lcr loci mediating resistance to high (HC) and low (LC) concentrations of chlorate were identified [3].
  • In WP-2 hcr-, the mutagenesis induced by AF-2 and ethyl methanesulfonate was also suppressed significantly [4].
  • Based on the mutagenic behavior of NMBA tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and Escherichia coli WP2 hcr- and the extent of the formation of formaldehyde and butyraldehyde from NMBA in the presence of the induced microsomes and S9 mix, it was concluded that NMBA acts as both a methylating and a butylating agent [5].
  • The mutagenic effect was dose-related, and the potencies were calculated to be 1.49 X 10(3), 7.24 X 10(4) and 8.49 X 10(5) revertants/1 X 10(-8) survivors at the concentration of 1 microgram/ml to :Escherichia coli B/r WP2, E. coli B/r WP2 hcr- and Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively, without metabolic activation [6].

References

  1. Further mutagenicity studies on pesticides in bacterial reversion assay systems. Moriya, M., Ohta, T., Watanabe, K., Miyazawa, T., Kato, K., Shirasu, Y. Mutat. Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutagenicity screening of feed additives in the microbial system. Ohta, T., Moriya, M., Kaneda, Y., Watanabe, K., Miyazawa, T., Sugiyama, F., Shirasu, Y. Mutat. Res. (1980) [Pubmed]
  3. Toxicity of and mutagenesis by chlorate are independent of nitrate reductase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Prieto, R., Fernández, E. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Study on mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of BHT and its derivatives in a bacterial assay. Yoshida, Y. Mutat. Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  5. Alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity of unsymmetrical N-nitrosodialkylamines with a butyl group. Suzuki, E., Mochizuki, M., Takeda, K., Okada, M. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (1985) [Pubmed]
  6. Mutagenicity of nifurpirinol (P-7138) in Escherichia coli WP2 and Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Nakamura, Y., Fukushima, H., Tomita, I., Kimura, I. Mutat. Res. (1982) [Pubmed]
 
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