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Gene Review:

parC - DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2

Baucheron, S. et al., Marimón, J.M. et al., Randall, L.P. et al., Nakaya, H. et al., Pasquali, F. et al.

Nakaya, Yasuhara, Yoshimura, Oshihoi, Izumiya, Watanabe, Randall, Coldham, Woodward,

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Disease relevance of parC

Life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyrA and parC [1].
Role of TolC and parC mutation in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT204 [2].
OBJECTIVES: To study the role of TolC and of parC mutation in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in clonal clinical strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT204 (S. Typhimurium DT204) [2].

High impact information on parC

Additionally, antibiotic-susceptible strains of serotypes other than Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains were examined for serotype-specific mutations in gyrB (n = 4), parC (n = 6) and parE (n = 1) [3].
Typhimurium DT204 DeltatolC transductants, concomitant loss of the parC (Ser-80-->Ile) mutation, located approximately 9.3 kb upstream of tolC, resulted in a further 16- to 32-fold decrease in resistance levels to fluoroquinolones and thus a hypersusceptible phenotype (ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.063 mg/L) [2].
Typhimurium DT204 strain carrying several target gene mutations, including one in parC (ciprofloxacin MIC of 32 mg/L) [2].

Biological context of parC

Moreover point mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA and parC genes were investigated by sequencing [4].

Associations of parC with chemical compounds

In 2003, we identified five S. enterica serovar Typhimurium clinical isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC, 16 microg/ml) with two point mutations in the gyrA gene (coding for Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Asn) and one point mutation in the parC gene (coding for Ser80-->Arg) [5].

References

Life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyrA and parC. Nakaya, H., Yasuhara, A., Yoshimura, K., Oshihoi, Y., Izumiya, H., Watanabe, H. Emerging Infect. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
Role of TolC and parC mutation in high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT204. Baucheron, S., Chaslus-Dancla, E., Cloeckaert, A. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
Detection of mutations in Salmonella enterica gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) using standard HPLC instrumentation. Randall, L.P., Coldham, N.G., Woodward, M.J. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
Mutant prevention concentration of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pasquali, F., Manfreda, G. Vet. Microbiol. (2007) [Pubmed]
Increasing prevalence of quinolone resistance in human nontyphoid Salmonella enterica isolates obtained in Spain from 1981 to 2003. Marimón, J.M., Gomáriz, M., Zigorraga, C., Cilla, G., Pérez-Trallero, E. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]

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