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Gene Review

cfr  -  florfenicol/chloramphenicol resistance...

Staphylococcus sciuri

 
 
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Disease relevance of cfr

 

High impact information on cfr

  • During a study of florfenicol-resistant porcine staphylococci from Denmark, the genes cfr and fexA were detected in the chromosomal DNA or on plasmids of Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus simulans [3].
  • This resistance gene region consisted of the clindamycin exporter gene lsa(B) and the gene cfr for combined resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A antibiotics bracketed by IS21-558 insertion sequences orientated in the same direction [3].
  • A total of 302 chloramphenicol-resistant Staphylococcus isolates were screened for the presence of the florfenicol/chloramphenicol resistance genes fexA and cfr and their localization on mobile genetic elements [2].
  • The cfr gene has previously been identified as a phenicol and lincosamide resistance gene on plasmids isolated from Staphylococcus spp. of animal origin and recently shown to encode a methyltransferase that modifies 23S rRNA at A2503 [4].
 

Biological context of cfr

  • Truncated copies of Tn558, in which the tnpA-tnpB area was in part deleted by the integration of a 4,674-bp segment including the gene cfr and a novel 2,446-bp IS21-like insertion sequence, were seen in a plasmid present in three staphylococcal isolates [2].
 

Associations of cfr with chemical compounds

  • In addition to the previously described genes cfr for chloramphenicol/florfenicol resistance and erm(33) for inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance, a Tn554-like spectinomycin resistance gene and Tn554-related transposase genes were identified [5].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cfr

  • Transpositionally active forms of the IS21-558 element, known as minicircles, were detected by PCR and suggest that this insertion sequence is involved in the mobility of the multiresistance gene cfr [3].

References

  1. A new mechanism for chloramphenicol, florfenicol and clindamycin resistance: methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA at A2503. Kehrenberg, C., Schwarz, S., Jacobsen, L., Hansen, L.H., Vester, B. Mol. Microbiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Distribution of Florfenicol Resistance Genes fexA and cfr among Chloramphenicol-Resistant Staphylococcus Isolates. Kehrenberg, C., Schwarz, S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. IS21-558 Insertion Sequences Are Involved in the Mobility of the Multiresistance Gene cfr. Kehrenberg, C., Aarestrup, F.M., Schwarz, S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2007) [Pubmed]
  4. The Cfr rRNA methyltransferase confers resistance to Phenicols, Lincosamides, Oxazolidinones, Pleuromutilins, and Streptogramin A antibiotics. Long, K.S., Poehlsgaard, J., Kehrenberg, C., Schwarz, S., Vester, B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Nucleotide sequence and organization of the multiresistance plasmid pSCFS1 from Staphylococcus sciuri. Kehrenberg, C., Ojo, K.K., Schwarz, S. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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