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Gene Review:

vraS - two-component sensor histidine kinase

Staphylococcus aureus RF122

Boyle-Vavra, S. et al., Utaida, S. et al., Yin, S. et al.

Boyle-Vavra, Yin, Daum,

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High impact information on vraS

However, when a disk diffusion assay that can detect induction of genes over an extended time period was used, induction of the pbp2 operon was mediated by some beta-lactams, including oxacillin; this induction was independent of vraS [1].
A large number of genes, including ones encoding proteins involved in cell-wall metabolism (including pbpB, murZ, fmt and vraS) and stress responses (including msrA, htrA, psrA and hslO), were upregulated by oxacillin, D-cycloserine or bacitracin [2].
We investigated the role of VraS/VraR in the phenotypic expression of oxacillin resistance by inactivating vraS in community-acquired MRSA clinical isolates that lack functional genes encoding the mecA regulatory sequences mecI and mecR1 [3].
Although pbp2 transcription decreased in the vraS mutants, overexpression of the pbp2 operon did not restore resistance [3].
Therefore, the vraS/vraR regulatory system plays a crucial role in allowing MRSA to respond to beta-lactams by regulation of a gene target other than the known effectors of methicillin resistance [3].

References

VraSR two-component regulatory system and its role in induction of pbp2 and vraSR expression by cell wall antimicrobials in Staphylococcus aureus. Yin, S., Daum, R.S., Boyle-Vavra, S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the response of Staphylococcus aureus to cell-wall-active antibiotics reveals a cell-wall-stress stimulon. Utaida, S., Dunman, P.M., Macapagal, D., Murphy, E., Projan, S.J., Singh, V.K., Jayaswal, R.K., Wilkinson, B.J. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2003) [Pubmed]
The VraS/VraR two-component regulatory system required for oxacillin resistance in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Boyle-Vavra, S., Yin, S., Daum, R.S. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2006) [Pubmed]

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