Disease relevance of oxacillin

• Molecular analysis of nosocomial infection by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lacking protein A and clumping factor [1].
• Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and other coagulase-negative Staphylococci were sensitive to oxacillin in 89%, 60%, and 50% of cultures, respectively [2].
• No patient in the oxacillin arm developed catheter-related sepsis, while eight patients in the control arms (five, line change, three, placebo) developed catheter-related sepsis (P2 = .050) [2].
• Hepatotoxicity associated with intravenous sodium oxacillin therapy is reported in two drug abusers cured of staphylococcal endocarditis [3].
• A patient with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia associated with an infected intravenous catheter was treated with oxacillin for two weeks [4].

Psychiatry related information on oxacillin

• The observed abnormalities in liver function were associated with a daily oxacillin sodium dose of greater than or equal to 12 gm as well as with heroin addiction and staphylococcal endocarditis [5].

High impact information on oxacillin

• Recognition is increasing of the standard screening procedure for penicillin resistance, using a 1-microgram oxacillin disk [6].
• Thus this trial demonstrates that treatment with prophylactic oxacillin can decrease the incidence of catheter-related sepsis in patients undergoing immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) [2].
• High level oxacillin and vancomycin resistance and altered cell wall composition in Staphylococcus aureus carrying the staphylococcal mecA and the enterococcal vanA gene complex [7].
• PBP2 localized to the division site but its recruitment to the forming division septum was prevented after acylation by oxacillin [8].
• Drug toxicity was significantly more common in the parenterally treated group (oral, 3%; IV, 62%; P < 0.0001), consisting largely of oxacillin-associated increases in liver enzymes [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of oxacillin

• Fever and phlebitis continued with treatment with intravenous doses of heparin and oxacillin but rapidly improved with treatment change of oxacillin to clindamycin [10].
• The synergistic activity of levofloxacin and oxacillin against levofloxacin-resistant isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was tested by the time-kill method [11].
• Lack of in vitro efficacy of oral forms of certain cephalosporins, erythromycin, and oxacillin against Pasteurella multocida [12].
• The strains susceptible to phage type 92 were susceptible to vancomycin and to the synergistic action of oxacillin or cephalothin plus gentamicin [13].
• Antagonism between nafcillin or oxacillin and rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus [14].

Biological context of oxacillin

• Mutants with the blue epsilon phenotype differed from gold epsilon parents in a variety of phenotypic properties, including increased resistance to oxacillin [15].
• MBC and kill kinetics tests were both performed using Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), with and without 2% NaCl supplementation, and incubation at 30 and 35 degrees C. When MBC testing was performed with salt-supplemented MHB, the oxacillin MBC/MIC ratio was greater than 8 for 17 and 16 of 17 S. aureus isolates at 30 and 35 degrees C, respectively [16].
• The type II penicillinase (oxacillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, OXA-1) gene on plasmid Rms213 was transposed to various plasmids or to the host chromosome [17].
• Moreover, detection of IS256 was found to be associated with biofilm formation and the presence of the icaADBC operon as well as with gentamicin and oxacillin resistance in the clinical strains [18].
• In 1992 and 1993, at The Ohio State University Medical Center, a larger proportion of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains required oxacillin MICs of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml than did Staphylococcus aureus strains. mecA genotype was correlated with antimicrobial susceptibility for selected clinical S. epidermidis strains [19].

Anatomical context of oxacillin

• The staphylococci grown on membranes in the presence of oxacillin were less susceptible to killing than the control staphylococci [20].
• Killing of oxacillin-exposed staphylococci in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes [20].
• We investigated the antistaphylococcal activity of daptomycin, vancomycin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and rifampin in human monocyte-derived macrophages [21].
• We used a rat model of aortic valve endocarditis to examine efficacies of antibiotic regimens against a borderline oxacillin-susceptible strain as compared with a fully susceptible S. aureus strain [22].
• Levels in the aqueous humor rose more slowly; the respective maximal concentrations of methicillin, oxacillin, and cefazolin were 72, 1,180, and 111 micrograms/ml [23].

Associations of oxacillin with other chemical compounds

• Covalent complexes with benzylpenicillin and oxacillin provide evidence that serine acylation does not entail significant structural changes, thus supporting the hypothesis that additional extracellular segments of MecR1 are involved in signal transmission [24].
• Ampicillin and oxacillin were administered by either repeated intramuscular injection of 30 mg/kg every 4 h or by constant infusion of 7.5 mg/kg per h for 24 h [25].
• All S. aureus isolates (54.2% oxacillin resistant) were susceptible to linezolid (MIC90 = 2 microg/ml); MIC distributions were consistent, regardless of oxacillin or multidrug resistance status [26].
• The spectrum of activity of the ketolide was most similar to that of clindamycin versus staphylococci and streptococci and superior to those of all macrolides tested against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant (vanA, vanB, and vanC) enterococcal isolates [27].
• Cloxacillin and oxacillin hydrolysis was noticeable with the partially purified OXA-18 [28].

Gene context of oxacillin

• The oxa2 (oxacillin resistance) gene predicts a long polypeptide commencing with (the N-terminal) 70 amino acids of the aadB product [29].
• The four oxacillin-resistant strains negative for mecA were PCR positive for blaZ and had the phenotype of beta-lactamase hyperproducers, which could explain their borderline oxacillin resistance phenotype [30].
• The OXA-24 beta-lactamase hydrolyzed benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine but lacked activity against oxacillin, cloxacillin, and methicillin [31].
• Live pneumococci, oxacillin-killed pneumococci, and pneumococcal cell wall preparations stimulated the production of iNOS and NO by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence, but not the absence, of low concentrations of recombinant murine interferon-gamma [32].
• Inactivation of vraS abrogated oxacillin resistance, and complementation with the vraS operon restored the resistance phenotype. mecA transcription increased in the vraS mutants; however, PBP2a abundance was similar to that of the wild type [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of oxacillin

• Eight patients in whom oxacillin-associated hepatitis developed were found and compared with a control group of 46 patients who had received high-dose oxacillin and in whom oxacillin-associated hepatitis did not develop [34].
• Staphylococcal isolates were tested for susceptibility to oxacillin by screen agar method, disc diffusion, and mec A-based PCR [35].
• Two VISA strains were identified with identical MICs to all antimicrobials tested except oxacillin and with closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types [36].
• For all specimens except CSF, oxacillin screening followed by determination of penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) is satisfactory [37].
• We compared the intraocular concentrations of oxacillin given by continuous intravenous infusion, subconjunctival injection, or combined therapy in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis [38].

References