High impact information on Gug

• Drosophila Atrophin directly binds to Even-skipped in vitro [1].
• Analysis of mutant phenotypes indicates that Drosophila Atrophin is required in diverse developmental processes including early embryonic patterning [1].
• Both fat and Atrophin are required to control four-jointed expression [2].
• In addition our mosaic analysis demonstrates an enhanced requirement for Atrophin in the R3 photoreceptor [2].
• The tumor-suppressor and cell adhesion molecule Fat controls planar polarity via physical interactions with Atrophin, a transcriptional co-repressor [2].

Biological context of Gug

• First, Grunge is crucial for correct segmentation during embryogenesis via a failure in the repression of at least four segmentation genes known to regulate teashirt [3].
• We show that mutations in Atro and Sbb have similar phenotypes, including upregulation of the same genes in imaginal discs, which suggests that Sbb cooperates with Atro to provide repressive activity [4].

Regulatory relationships of Gug

• Second, Grunge acts positively to regulate teashirt expression in proximoventral parts of the leg [3].

Other interactions of Gug

• These defects likely result from a reduction in Even-skipped (Eve) repression ability, as Atro has been shown to function as a corepressor for Eve [5].
• Atrophin contributes to the negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in Drosophila [6].
• We provide evidence that Grunge is required for the proper regulation of teashirt but also has multiple activities in fly development [3].

References