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Gene Review:

SQD1 - sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: F4I10.6, UDP-SULFOQUINOVOSE SYNTHASE

Sanda, S. et al., Riekhof, W.R. et al., Mulichak, A.M. et al., Essigmann, B. et al., Essigmann, B. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of SQD1

Expression of SQD1 and SQD2 in Escherichia coli reconstituted plant sulfolipid biosynthesis in this bacterium [1].

High impact information on SQD1

We have determined the structure of the complex of SQD1 from Arabidopsis thaliana with NAD(+) and the putative substrate UDP-glucose at 1.6-A resolution [2].
Phosphate availability affects the thylakoid lipid composition and the expression of SQD1, a gene required for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana [3].
Approximate K(m) values of 150 microm for UDP-glucose and 10 microm for sulfite were established for SQD1 [4].
Based on our results, we propose that SQD1 catalyzes the formation of UDP-sulfoquinovose from UDP-glucose and sulfite, derived from the sulfate reduction pathway in the chloroplast [4].
Sulfolipid biosynthesis involves the transfer of sulfoquinovose, a 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose, from UDP-sulfoquinovose to diacylglycerol [4].

Biological context of SQD1

In this mutant, the SQD1 ortholog was completely deleted and replaced by plasmid sequences [5].
A database search was performed employing the derived amino acid sequence from SQD1, a gene involved in sulfolipid biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana [6].
Prediction of the active-site structure and NAD(+) binding in SQD1, a protein essential for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis [6].
It is proposed that ASQD arises from the sugar nucleotide pathway of sulfolipid biosynthesis by acylation of the 2'-hydroxyl of the sulfoquinovosyl head group [5].

Associations of SQD1 with chemical compounds

The SQD1 enzyme is believed to be involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfoquinovosyl headgroup of plant sulfolipids, catalyzing the transfer of SO(3)(-) to UDP-glucose [2].
The sulfolipids 2'-O-acyl-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol are absent from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant deleted in SQD1 [5].

References

Arabidopsis disrupted in SQD2 encoding sulfolipid synthase is impaired in phosphate-limited growth. Yu, B., Xu, C., Benning, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
Crystal structure of SQD1, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant sulfolipid headgroup donor UDP-sulfoquinovose. Mulichak, A.M., Theisen, M.J., Essigmann, B., Benning, C., Garavito, R.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) [Pubmed]
Phosphate availability affects the thylakoid lipid composition and the expression of SQD1, a gene required for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Essigmann, B., Güler, S., Narang, R.A., Linke, D., Benning, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1998) [Pubmed]
Recombinant Arabidopsis SQD1 converts udp-glucose and sulfite to the sulfolipid head group precursor UDP-sulfoquinovose in vitro. Sanda, S., Leustek, T., Theisen, M.J., Garavito, R.M., Benning, C. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
The sulfolipids 2'-O-acyl-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol are absent from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant deleted in SQD1. Riekhof, W.R., Ruckle, M.E., Lydic, T.A., Sears, B.B., Benning, C. Plant Physiol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Prediction of the active-site structure and NAD(+) binding in SQD1, a protein essential for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Essigmann, B., Hespenheide, B.M., Kuhn, L.A., Benning, C. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1999) [Pubmed]

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