Gene Review:
parE - DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B
Streptococcus pneumoniae R6
- Characterization of a mutation in the parE gene that confers fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Perichon, B., Tankovic, J., Courvalin, P. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997)
- Viridans group streptococci are donors in horizontal transfer of topoisomerase IV genes to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Balsalobre, L., Ferrándiz, M.J., Liñares, J., Tubau, F., de la Campa, A.G. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003)
- In vitro exchange of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants between Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci and genomic organization of the parE-parC region in S. mitis. Janoir, C., Podglajen, I., Kitzis, M.D., Poyart, C., Gutmann, L. J. Infect. Dis. (1999)
- Fitness Costs of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Rozen, D.E., McGee, L., Levin, B.R., Klugman, K.P. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2007)
- Molecular evolution perspectives on intraspecific lateral DNA transfer of topoisomerase and gyrase loci in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with implications for fluoroquinolone resistance development and spread. Stanhope, M.J., Walsh, S.L., Becker, J.A., Italia, M.J., Ingraham, K.A., Gwynn, M.N., Mathie, T., Poupard, J.A., Miller, L.A., Brown, J.R., Amrine-Madsen, H. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005)
- Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. Pletz, M.W., McGee, L., Jorgensen, J., Beall, B., Facklam, R.R., Whitney, C.G., Klugman, K.P. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004)
- Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Weigel, L.M., Anderson, G.J., Facklam, R.R., Tenover, F.C. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001)
- Ceftriaxone acts synergistically with levofloxacin in experimental meningitis and reduces levofloxacin-induced resistance in penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Flatz, L., Cottagnoud, M., Kühn, F., Entenza, J., Stucki, A., Cottagnoud, P. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2004)
- Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in the parC, parE, and gyrA genes of clinical isolates of viridans group streptococci. González, I., Georgiou, M., Alcaide, F., Balas, D., Liñares, J., de la Campa, A.G. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998)
- Failure of levofloxacin treatment in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Endimiani, A., Brigante, G., Bettaccini, A.A., Luzzaro, F., Grossi, P., Toniolo, A.Q. BMC Infect. Dis. (2005)
- Pharmacodynamics to combat resistance. Woodnutt, G. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000)
- In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against recent community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens isolated in France: a national survey. Decousser, J.W., Allouch, P.Y., Courvalin, P., Leclercq, R. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2002)
- Meropenem prevents levofloxacin-induced resistance in penicillin-resistant pneumococci and acts synergistically with levofloxacin in experimental meningitis. Cottagnoud, P., Cottagnoud, M., Acosta, F., Flatz, L., Kühn, F., Stucki, A., Entenza, J. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (2003)
- Evaluation of survival and pharmacodynamic relationships for five fluoroquinolones in a neutropenic murine model of pneumococcal lung infection. Ernst, E.J., Klepser, M.E., Petzold, C.R., Doern, G.V. Pharmacotherapy (2002)
- Antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal pneumococci from children from day-care centres and orphanages in Russia: results of a unique prospective multicentre study. Stratchounski, L.S., Kozlov, R.S., Appelbaum, P.C., Kretchikova, O.I., Kosowska-Shick, K. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2006)
- Emergence and epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains from Italy: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2001-2004). Deshpande, L.M., Sader, H.S., Debbia, E., Nicoletti, G., Fadda, G., Jones, R.N. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (2006)