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Gene Review:

mazE - antitoxin of the ChpA-ChpR toxin-antitoxin...

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK2777, JW2754, chpAI, chpR, tasA

Engelberg-Kulka, H. et al., Santos-Sierra, S. et al., Aizenman, E. et al., Fico, S. et al., Pedersen, K. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of chpR

Here we show that the chromosomal genes mazE and mazF, located in the Escherichia coli rel operon, have all of the properties required for an addiction module [1].
TasA-tasB, a new putative toxin-antitoxin (TA) system from Bacillus thuringiensis pGI1 plasmid is a widely distributed composite mazE-doc TA system [2].

High impact information on chpR

Later induction of transcription of the antitoxin genes relB or chpAI fully reversed the static condition induced by RelE and ChpAK respectively [3].
Because MazE is labile, inhibition of mazE expression results in cell death [4].

Biological context of chpR

mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin module located on the Escherichia coli chromosome and that of some other bacteria, including pathogens. mazF specifies for a stable toxin, MazF, and mazE specifies for a labile antitoxin, MazE, that antagonizes MazF [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of chpR

Sequence analysis shows that these mutants are clustered in the 5' end of the chpAI gene and structure predictions suggest that they affect a putative loop in the secondary structure of the ChpAI antidote [6].

References

An Escherichia coli chromosomal "addiction module" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death. Aizenman, E., Engelberg-Kulka, H., Glaser, G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1996) [Pubmed]
TasA-tasB, a new putative toxin-antitoxin (TA) system from Bacillus thuringiensis pGI1 plasmid is a widely distributed composite mazE-doc TA system. Fico, S., Mahillon, J. BMC Genomics (2006) [Pubmed]
Rapid induction and reversal of a bacteriostatic condition by controlled expression of toxins and antitoxins. Pedersen, K., Christensen, S.K., Gerdes, K. Mol. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death as a defense mechanism that inhibits the spread of phage P1. Hazan, R., Engelberg-Kulka, H. Mol. Genet. Genomics (2004) [Pubmed]
mazEF: a chromosomal toxin-antitoxin module that triggers programmed cell death in bacteria. Engelberg-Kulka, H., Hazan, R., Amitai, S. J. Cell. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
Functional interactions between homologous conditional killer systems of plasmid and chromosomal origin. Santos-Sierra, S., Giraldo, R., Díaz-Orejas, R. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1997) [Pubmed]

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