Regulation of Gadd45gamma expression by C/ EBP.
The Gadd45gamma (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible) gene is activated transcriptionally by at least two kinds of agents: DNA damaging agent such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and UV radiation, or cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF). To investigate the sequences and transcription factors involved in induction of Gadd45gamma after treatment with IL-6, the human gene was cloned and sequenced. We found C/ EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) family proteins, major transcription factors in the IL-6 signal transduction pathway, could regulate the transcriptional activity of the Gadd45gamma promoter. In addition, a noncanonical C/ EBP- binding site within the Gadd45gamma promoter where C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta could bind, was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter gene analysis. Furthermore, we found a coordinated expression profile between Gadd45gamma mRNA and C/EBPs (beta and delta) protein during the differentiation of M1 cells: the amount of Gadd45gamma transcripts became maximal when both C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta levels were high, on day 1 of differentiation of M1 cells after treatment with IL-6. These findings suggest that mitotic growth arrest coupled to M1 cell differentiation is mediated by C/EBPs stimulation of growth arrest-associated genes such as Gadd45gamma.[1]References
- Regulation of Gadd45gamma expression by C/EBP. Jung, N., Yi, Y.W., Kim, D., Shong, M., Hong, S.S., Lee, H.S., Bae, I. Eur. J. Biochem. (2000) [Pubmed]
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