Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Coghlan, M.P. et al.

Coghlan, Culbert, Cross, Corcoran, Yates, Pearce, Rausch, Murphy, Carter, Roxbee Cox, Mills, Brown, Haigh, Ward, Smith, Murray, Reith, Holder,

Selective small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 modulate glycogen metabolism and gene transcription.

BACKGROUND: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, the activity of which is inhibited by a variety of extracellular stimuli including insulin, growth factors, cell specification factors and cell adhesion. Consequently, inhibition of GSK-3 activity has been proposed to play a role in the regulation of numerous signalling pathways that elicit pleiotropic cellular responses. This report describes the identification and characterisation of potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of GSK-3. RESULTS: SB-216763 and SB-415286 are structurally distinct maleimides that inhibit GSK-3alpha in vitro, with K(i)s of 9 nM and 31 nM respectively, in an ATP competitive manner. These compounds inhibited GSK-3beta with similar potency. However, neither compound significantly inhibited any member of a panel of 24 other protein kinases. Furthermore, treatment of cells with either compound stimulated responses characteristic of extracellular stimuli that are known to inhibit GSK-3 activity. Thus, SB-216763 and SB-415286 stimulated glycogen synthesis in human liver cells and induced expression of a beta-catenin-LEF/ TCF regulated reporter gene in HEK293 cells. In both cases, compound treatment was demonstrated to inhibit cellular GSK-3 activity as assessed by activation of glycogen synthase, which is a direct target of this kinase. CONCLUSIONS: SB-216763 and SB-415286 are novel, potent and selective cell permeable inhibitors of GSK-3. Therefore, these compounds represent valuable pharmacological tools with which the role of GSK-3 in cellular signalling can be further elucidated. Furthermore, development of similar compounds may be of use therapeutically in disease states associated with elevated GSK-3 activity such as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disease.[1]

References

Selective small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 modulate glycogen metabolism and gene transcription. Coghlan, M.P., Culbert, A.A., Cross, D.A., Corcoran, S.L., Yates, J.W., Pearce, N.J., Rausch, O.L., Murphy, G.J., Carter, P.S., Roxbee Cox, L., Mills, D., Brown, M.J., Haigh, D., Ward, R.W., Smith, D.G., Murray, K.J., Reith, A.D., Holder, J.C. Chem. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]

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