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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

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Primary intestinal epithelial cells selectively transfer R5 HIV-1 to CCR5+ cells.

The upper gastrointestinal tract is a principal route of HIV-1 entry in vertical transmission and after oral-genital contact. The phenotype of the newly acquired virus is predominantly R5 (CCR5-tropic) and not X4 (CXCR4-tropic), although both R5 and X4 viruses are frequently inoculated onto the mucosa. Here we show that primary intestinal (jejunal) epithelial cells express galactosylceramide, an alternative primary receptor for HIV-1, and CCR5 but not CXCR4. Moreover, we show that intestinal epithelial cells transfer R5, but not X4, viruses to CCR5+ indicator cells, which can efficiently replicate and amplify virus expression. Transfer was remarkably efficient and was not inhibited by the fusion blocker T-20, but was substantially reduced by colchicine and low (4 degrees C) temperature, suggesting endocytotic uptake and microtubule-dependent transcytosis of HIV-1. Our finding that CCR5+ intestinal epithelial cells select and transfer exclusively R5 viruses indicates a mechanism for the selective transmission of R5 HIV-1 in primary infection acquired through the upper gastrointestinal tract.[1]

References

  1. Primary intestinal epithelial cells selectively transfer R5 HIV-1 to CCR5+ cells. Meng, G., Wei, X., Wu, X., Sellers, M.T., Decker, J.M., Moldoveanu, Z., Orenstein, J.M., Graham, M.F., Kappes, J.C., Mestecky, J., Shaw, G.M., Smith, P.D. Nat. Med. (2002) [Pubmed]
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