Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a biomarker for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.
BACKGROUND: The major limitation to survival after lung transplantation is bronchiolitis obliterative syndrome (BOS). BOS is a chronic inflammatory/immunologic process characterized by fibroproliferation, matrix deposition, and obliteration of the airways. The mechanism(s) that lead to fibro-obliteration of allograft airways have not been fully elucidated. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a naturally occurring antagonist of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 and has been associated with a number of fibroproliferative diseases. METHODS: We determined whether IL-1Ra, as compared to IL-1beta, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung transplant recipients was associated with BOS. BALF was collected from three groups of patients: BOS (n=22), acute rejection (n=33), and healthy transplant recipients (n=30). RESULTS: IL-1Ra levels were significantly elevated in patients with BOS compared to healthy lung transplant recipients and patients with acute rejection (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when patients with BOS had their BALF analyzed from their last bronchoscopy before the development of BOS (Future BOS [FBOS] group) (n=20), their levels of IL-1Ra were also significantly elevated compared to healthy lung transplant recipients and patients with acute rejection (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). Importantly, the elevated levels of IL-1Ra in the BOS and FBOS groups were not accompanied by any significant increases in IL-1beta, IL-10, TGF-beta, or TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that elevated levels of IL-1Ra may be attenuating IL-1 bioactivity during the pathogenesis of BOS and creating a local environment that favors fibroproliferation and matrix deposition.[1]References
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a biomarker for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients. Belperio, J.A., DiGiovine, B., Keane, M.P., Burdick, M.D., Ying Xue, Y., Ross, D.J., Lynch, J.P., Kunkel, S.L., Strieter, R.M. Transplantation (2002) [Pubmed]
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