Disease relevance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• We found leukotriene C4 and leukotriene D4 in the lung lavage fluids of all five newborns who had the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension and who required ventilatory assistance [1].
• The intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg of HP1/2, but not of its isotype-matched mAb 1E6, 1 h before and 4 h after antigen inhalation, markedly inhibited the increased bronchopulmonary responses to intravenous methacholine, as well as airway eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in bronchial tissue [2].
• However, in respiratory failure, phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage were qualitatively different from those recovered either from normal controls or from patients with other lung disease: the LO/S ratio, phosphatidylglycerol, and disaturated lecithin were low, whereas sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine were prominent [3].
• Detection of K-ras oncogene mutations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for lung cancer diagnosis [4].
• Evidence of lung surfactant abnormality in respiratory failure. Study of bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipids, surface activity, phospholipase activity, and plasma myoinositol [3].

Psychiatry related information on Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• A history of chronic alcohol abuse was determined by a Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test score of > or =3 or a history of an alcohol-related diagnosis. sE-selectin was measured in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage [5].

High impact information on Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• Twenty-five-year follow-up of a patient treated with lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis [6].
• To study the early changes in the lower respiratory tract in persons exposed to periods of hyperoxia usually considered safe, we evaluated 14 normal subjects by bronchoalveolar lavage before and immediately after 16.7 +/- 1.1 hours of breathing more than 95 per cent oxygen [7].
• Carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [8].
• Using a mouse model of allergen-induced AHR, we previously demonstrated that CD8-deficient mice develop significantly lower AHR, eosinophilic inflammation and interleukin (IL)-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with wild-type mice [9].
• Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• Previous studies have shown that bronchial lavage cells from airway-reactive animals will release histamine or a slow-reactive substance of anaphylaxis after challenge with antigen [11].
• Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis [12].
• Cortisol levels, expressed as a function of albumin concentration, were measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 12 patients with lung disease [13].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the detection of tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) in bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens is useful for the rapid diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis in patients suspected of having the disease [14].
• The attenuation in pulmonary fibrosis was observed despite similar levels of inflammation, lung injury, and active TGF-beta1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 5 days after the administration of bleomycin in mice lacking Bid and in WT controls [15].

Biological context of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• Brief inhalation exposure of rats to three or six puffs of cigarette smoke significantly decreases elastase inhibitory capacity per milligram of alpha 1-antitrypsin in lung lavage fluid [16].
• Tissue samples from 35 of the patients all yielded the identical K-ras codon 12 genotype found in the corresponding samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [4].
• Macrophage activation, as monitored by H2O2 production, did not correlate with the angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, the result of gallium-67 scans, or the percent of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage [17].
• We carried out bronchoalveolar lavage either 8 hours (early follow-up, 5 participants) or 22 hours (late follow-up, 9 participants) after welding, assaying the fluid for total and differential cell counts and bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant concentrations of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [18].
• Conversely, blocking of intrinsic IL-6 by a neutralizing antibody resulted in increases in lung vascular permeability, neutrophil content, and TNF-alpha levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids [19].

Anatomical context of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• Eosinophils isolated from late phase bronchoalveolar lavage fluids express alphad at levels similar to that seen after 3 d of IL-5 culture [20].
• Potent CTL activity was detected in lung lavage populations taken from mice with intact CD8+ T cell function, with minimal levels of cytotoxicity being found for inflammatory cells obtained from the antibody-treated and beta 2-m mutant mice [21].
• Triggered human neutrophils were able to maintain released elastase in an active form in the presence of purified alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI), serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) [22].
• Thrombin receptor was expressed by human vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in culture and by macrophages obtained by bronchioalveolar lavage, thus demonstrating that all three cell types are indeed capable of expressing the thrombin receptor [23].
• Production of fibronectin by human alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and maintained in short-term culture in serum-free conditions was demonstrated; de novo synthesis was confirmed by the incorporation of [14C]proline [24].

Associations of Bronchoalveolar Lavage with chemical compounds

• Pneumocystis were obtained in large quantity by bronchial lavage of steroid-treated rats [25].
• In this study, we uncovered that the airway epithelia of these mice also express high levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a key enzyme for the production of proinflammatory lipid mediators, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) contain elevated levels of prostaglandin D2 [26].
• We measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid histamine levels in allergic asthmatics and nonallergic normal subjects after local airway antigen and cold 22 degrees C normal saline challenges [27].
• Methacholine and bradykinin challenges, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial biopsies were performed in all subjects [28].
• IL-1 increased the intensity of staining of alveolar type II cells for SP-B, and the concentrations of SP-B, -A, and disaturated phosphatidylcholine in bronchoalveolar lavage [29].

Gene context of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• Furthermore, IL-10-/- outbred mice exhibited exaggerated airway inflammation and heightened levels of IL-5 and IFN-gamma in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids [30].
• By contrast, steroid-sensitive (SS) asthmatics respond well to glucocorticoids, and this is accompanied by a decrease in the numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) messenger RNA+ (mRNA+) cells expressing IL-4 and IL-5, and an increase in interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) transcripts [31].
• MCP-4 mRNA was found in cells collected in bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects and was prominently expressed in human lung and heart [32].
• Recombinant human IL-2 (10(6) U IV per rat, n = 6) elevated lung water, myeloperoxidase activity, and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced tissue hypoxia [33].
• Trimeric SP-A1(DeltaAVC,C6S) was compared with supratrimeric SP-A1, which is structurally and functionally comparable to the octadecameric protein isolated from human lung lavages [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronchoalveolar Lavage

• A polyclonal antibody to human MARCO identified the expected approximately 70-kD band on Western blots of lysates of normal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (>90% AMs) and showed strong immunolabeling of human AMs in BAL cytocentrifuge preparations and within lung tissue specimens [35].
• Using this ELISA, we measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of BLP in normal cigarette smokers (n = 15) and normal nonsmokers (n = 18) [36].
• Intact fibronectin was present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C5 fragment-treated animals rendered neutropenic, but absent in lavage from normal C5 fragment-treated animals [37].
• We found that elevated levels of biologically active MCP-1 in human bronchial lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with the continuum from acute to chronic allograft rejection [38].
• To determine whether IL-5 and/or GM-CSF are generated by eosinophils at sites of allergic inflammation, we have used in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled RNA probes to study the expression of IL-5 and GM-CSF mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils derived from asthmatics (n = 5) before and after endobronchial allergen challenge [39].

References