Disease relevance of Bronchiolitis

• Association between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants [1].
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), associated with bronchiolitis and asthma, is resistant to the antiviral effects of type-I interferons (IFN), but not IFN-gamma [2].
• The synthesis of collagen and EIIIA-containing cellular fibronectin in certain forms of pulmonary fibrosis occurs in discrete locations: in the Masson bodies in bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and in focal clusters of fibroblasts (fibroblastic foci) within airspaces in usual interstitial pneumonia [3].
• Whether an abnormal immunologic response to cocaine freebase can result in hemorrhage, pneumonitis, bronchiolitis, or asthma remains speculative [4].
• Collagen VI was coexpressed with collagen III rather than collagen I in idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, acute interstitial pneumonitis of the Hamman-Rich type, and bleomycin-induced fibrosis, but collagen VI overlapped with collagen types I and III in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [5].

High impact information on Bronchiolitis

• An association between obliterative bronchiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis has been reported [6].
• Penicillamine may impair healing of bronchiolitis in such patients [6].
• These data demonstrate that BLT1 contributes to the development of lung rejection and obliterative bronchiolitis by mediating effector T lymphocyte trafficking into the lung [7].
• Chronic airway rejection is characterized by prolonged inflammation, epithelial damage, and eventual luminal obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) [8].
• Role of CXCR2/CXCR2 ligands in vascular remodeling during bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronchiolitis

• Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial [10].
• Free-base cocaine use associated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia [11].
• Bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia caused by ticlopidine [12].
• Although the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis is primarily supportive, the role of ribavirin is briefly discussed [13].
• Obstructive bronchiolitis occurred in 26% of the busulfan patients but in only 5% of the TBI patients (P <.01) [14].

Biological context of Bronchiolitis

• IL-10 levels, measured during the convalescent phase, were significantly higher in patients who developed recurrent wheezing during the year after RSV bronchiolitis than in patients without recurrent episodes of wheezing (p = 0.006) [15].
• The effect of nebulized epinephrine on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in bronchiolitis [16].
• Genetic variation at the IL10 gene locus is associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis [17].
• Haplotype mapping of the bronchiolitis susceptibility locus near IL8 [18].
• Bronchial hyperreactivity indicated by methacholine inhalation challenge was far more common; it was present in 62% of the bronchiolitis group and in 45% of the pneumonia group [19].

Anatomical context of Bronchiolitis

• These in vitro findings showing that dex failed to consistently inhibit all the RSV-induced release of neutrophil inflammatory mediators may explain the variable efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis [20].
• The percentage of BAL eosinophils correlated significantly with levels of BAL IL-5 in both the asthma group (r = 0.80, P =.000) and the bronchiolitis group (r = 0.82, P =.000) [21].
• These results are in agreement with the reduced cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to different agonists demonstrated in leukocytes from patients with asthma, and suggest that this refractoriness could be one of the precipitating events in the development of asthma observed in a large proportion of infants who have had bronchiolitis [22].
• The IL-4/interferon-gamma ratio for infants with acute bronchiolitis was elevated in nasal lavage fluid on both Days 1-2 (p = 0.014) and Days 5-7 (p = 0.001) of the illness compared with infants with upper respiratory tract infection alone [23].
• Therefore, the inflammatory process in RSV-induced bronchiolitis appears to be triggered by the infection of epithelial cells and further amplified via mechanisms driven by IFN-gamma and by the secretion of eosinophil chemokines [24].

Gene context of Bronchiolitis

• Critical role for the chemokine MCP-1/CCR2 in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [25].
• Critical role for CXCR3 chemokine biology in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [26].
• Smad3 deficiency ameliorates experimental obliterative bronchiolitis in a heterotopic tracheal transplantation model [27].
• Additionally, MIP-1-alpha, IL-8, and RANTES concentrations were measured from lower respiratory secretions obtained from 10 intubated infants (0-24 mo) with RSV bronchiolitis, and from 10 control subjects [28].
• IL-10 responses during the acute phase of RSV bronchiolitis were comparable to those in healthy control subjects [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronchiolitis

• Prospective evaluation of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage samples from a patient who developed obliterative bronchiolitis demonstrated markedly increased PDGF concentrations before the onset of irreversible airflow obstruction [29].
• Quantitation by radioligand binding assay demonstrated increased concentrations of PDGF in lavage fluid from obliterative bronchiolitis patients (patients, 104 +/- 26.9 pM; controls, 8.4 +/- 6.9 pM; P < 0.01) [29].
• Bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia is associated with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation: role of IL-8 [30].
• In autografts, and in allografts immunosuppressed with 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, cyclosporine A, and methylprednisolone, no histological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) developed, and the number of fibroblast-like cells expressing type I and III procollagen mRNA remained low [31].
• We examined the effect of IL-10 in an animal model for bronchiolitis obliterans [32].

References