- Increases in the activated forms of ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK, and CREB are correlated with the expression of at-level mechanical allodynia following spinal cord injury. Crown, E.D., Ye, Z., Johnson, K.M., Xu, G.Y., McAdoo, D.J., Hulsebosch, C.E. Exp. Neurol. (2006)