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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
 
 

Exposure to bacterial DNA before hemorrhagic shock strongly aggravates systemic inflammation and gut barrier loss via an IFN-gamma-dependent route.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of bacterial DNA in development of an excessive inflammatory response and loss of gut barrier loss following systemic hypotension. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Bacterial infection may contribute to development of inflammatory complications following major surgery; however, the pathogenesis is not clear. A common denominator of bacterial infection is bacterial DNA characterized by unmethylated CpG motifs. Recently, it has been shown that bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are immunostimulatory leading to release of inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Rats were exposed to CpG-ODN prior to a nonlethal hemorrhagic shock. The role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was investigated by administration of anti IFN-gamma antibodies. RESULTS: Exposure to CpG-ODN prior to hemorrhagic shock significantly augmented shock-induced release of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P < 0.05), interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.05), and nitrite levels (P < 0.05), while there was a defective IL-10 response (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the liver was markedly enhanced. Furthermore, intestinal permeability for HRP significantly increased and bacterial translocation was enhanced in hemorrhagic shock rats pretreated with CpG-ODN. Interestingly, inhibition of IFN-gamma in CpG-treated animals reduced TNF-alpha (P < 0.05), IL-6 (P < 0.05), nitrite (P < 0.05), and intestinal permeability following hemorrhagic shock (P < 0.05) and down-regulated expression of TLR4. CONCLUSION: Exposure to bacterial DNA strongly aggravates the inflammatory response, disrupts the intestinal barrier, and up-regulates TLR4 expression in the liver following hemorrhagic shock. These effects are mediated via an IFN-gamma-dependent route. In the clinical setting, bacterial DNA may be important in development of inflammatory complications in surgical patients with bacterial infection.[1]

References

  1. Exposure to bacterial DNA before hemorrhagic shock strongly aggravates systemic inflammation and gut barrier loss via an IFN-gamma-dependent route. Luyer, M.D., Buurman, W.A., Hadfoune, M., Wolfs, T., van't Veer, C., Jacobs, J.A., Dejong, C.H., Greve, J.W. Ann. Surg. (2007) [Pubmed]
 
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