Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Yang, O.O. et al.

Otto O. Yang, S. Brian Wilson, Lance E. Hultin, Roger Detels, Patricia M. Hultin, F. Javier Ibarrondo, Beth D. Jamieson,

Delayed reconstitution of CD4+ iNKT cells after effective HIV type 1 therapy.

CD1d-restricted natural killer T (iNKT) cells are increasingly recognized as key immunoregulatory cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. These fall into functionally distinct CD4+ versus CD4- subsets that are believed to steer cellular immunity toward tolerigenic/atopic versus proinflammatory phenotypes, respectively. Preferential depletion of the CD4+ subset has been observed in HIV-1 infection, but the repletion of these cells after antiretroviral therapy has not been examined in detail. T lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocyte activation, viremia, and iNKT cell subsets in peripheral blood were compared between 18 HIV-1-uninfected (Control) and 18 seropositive (SP) men initially not on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Compared to the Control group, the SP group demonstrated reduction of CD4+ and lesser reduction of CD4- iNKT cells at baseline. After initiation of suppressive antiretroviral treatment, the SP CD4+ iNKT cell levels remained unchanged after a year and increased by 2 years, while CD4+ iNKT cells showed a gradual increase notable after the first year. Over the first year of treatment, there was a significant correlation between changes in total CD4+ T lymphocyte and changes in CD4+ iNKT cell levels, and a significant inverse correlation between changes in CD8+ T lymphocyte activation and changes in CD4- iNKT cell levels. These results confirm preferential depletion of tolerigenic/atopic CD4+ iNKT cells by HIV-1, and suggest that disproportionate persistence of proinflammatory CD4- iNKT cells could contribute to the inappropriate immune activation believed to cause immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection.[1]

References

Delayed reconstitution of CD4+ iNKT cells after effective HIV type 1 therapy. Yang, O.O., Wilson, S.B., Hultin, L.E., Detels, R., Hultin, P.M., Ibarrondo, F.J., Jamieson, B.D. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (2007) [Pubmed]

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