A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of acute stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli in ICU patients treated with either sucralfate or ranitidine. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: ICU, university hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty adult patients who were mechanically ventilated and at risk of developing stress ulceration. INTERVENTION: The patients were randomized to receive either sucralfate (1 g every 6 hrs) via the nasogastric tube or iv ranitidine (50 mg every 6 hrs). If the gastric pH was less than 3.5 in the latter group, 30 mL of 0.3M sodium citrate was given via the nasogastric tube. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On admission, the frequency rate of erosion/ulceration (assessed with the endoscope) was 13.5%. After 4 days, this rate had increased to 18% in sucralfate-treated patients and 36% in ranitidine-treated patients (NS). Mean gastric pH was more alkaline in the ranitidine-treated patients (5.50) compared with the sucralfate-treated patients (4.26) (p less than .01). This pH permitted a higher occurrence rate of gastric colonization by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli in ranitidine-treated patients (64.3%) compared with sucralfate-treated patients (23.8%) (p less than .01). Retrograde bacterial colonization from the stomach to oropharynx and trachea occurred more frequently in ranitidine-treated patients compared with sucralfate-treated patients. Ultimately, the occurrence rate of pneumonia was greater in the ranitidine-treated (35.7%) than in the sucralfate-treated patients (10.3%) (p less than .05). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we recommend the adoption of sucralfate for routine prophylaxis against stress ulceration.[1]References
- A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients. Eddleston, J.M., Vohra, A., Scott, P., Tooth, J.A., Pearson, R.C., McCloy, R.F., Morton, A.K., Doran, B.H. Crit. Care Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
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