Disease relevance of ranitidine

• Ranitidine to prevent recurrence of duodenal ulcer [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Among critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, those receiving ranitidine had a significantly lower rate of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding than those treated with sucralfate [2].
• Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis [3].
• One patient in the ranitidine group withdrew from the study because of asymptomatic thrombocytopenia during the first month [4].
• After a mean follow-up of 61 weeks, 3 of the 32 patients treated with ranitidine had recurrent hemorrhage, as compared with 12 of the 33 given placebo (P < 0.05) [4].

Psychiatry related information on ranitidine

• Presently, there are rare reports of gynecomastia, bradycardia, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, headache, lethargy, diarrhea, and rash in patients receiving ranitidine [5].
• The more convenient dosage schedule of ranitidine may be important for patient compliance with initial therapy of peptic ulcer disease, and the greater duration of ranitidine antisecretory effects may enhance effectiveness of long-term maintenance therapy by providing more complete inhibition of nocturnal acid secretion [6].
• No change in choice reaction time or sedation index was detected after cimetidine or ranitidine dosing [7].
• A series of N-aryl-2-[[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2- furanyl]methyl]thio]ethylamino analogs of the H2-antagonist, ranitidine, was synthesized and the abilities of the compounds to alleviate the cholinergic deficit characteristic of Alzheimer's disease evaluated [8].
• The authors report increased serum clozapine levels and adverse side effects during clozapine and cimetidine treatment but not during clozapine and ranitidine treatment in a patient with chronic paranoid schizophrenia [9].

High impact information on ranitidine

• A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine versus Omeprazole for NSAID-associated Ulcer Treatment (ASTRONAUT) Study Group [10].
• METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, we compared sucralfate with the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 1200 patients who required mechanical ventilation [2].
• There was no significant difference between the groups in mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) (23.5 percent in the ranitidine group and 22.9 percent in the sucralfate group) or the duration of the stay in the ICU (median, nine days in both groups) [2].
• For maintenance treatment of reflux esophagitis, omeprazole alone or in combination with cisapride is more effective than ranitidine alone or cisapride alone, and the combination of omeprazole and cisapride is more effective than ranitidine plus cisapride [11].
• Ranitidine and recurrent hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of ranitidine

• Interstitial nephritis after cimetidine but not ranitidine [13].
• These studies demonstrate that famotidine is nine times more potent than ranitidine and 32 times more potent than cimetidine, has a longer duration of action than ranitidine or cimetidine, and is both safe and effective in the long-term therapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [14].
• In this study, 30 patients (10 with endoscopically verified duodenal ulcers, 10 with verified nonulcer dyspepsia, and 10 healthy volunteers) participated in a double-blind crossover study of the effects of ranitidine on pain reports after an injection of pentagastrin [15].
• Effect of indomethacin plus ranitidine in advanced melanoma patients on high-dose interleukin-2 [16].
• Inhibition of basal acid, chloride, and pepsin secretion in duodenal ulcer by graded doses of ranitidine and atropine with studies of pharmacokinetics of ranitidine [17].

Biological context of ranitidine

• The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical utility of ranitidine are presented [18].
• There was a statistically significant increase in area under the curve for drug concentration in plasma x time (AUC) with ranitidine as well as a statistically significant decrease in the total-body clearance rate of the cyclophosphamide molecule [19].
• In a statistical but not a clinical sense, mean nadir platelet counts were significantly lower with ranitidine [19].
• The differences in mean nadir white blood cell counts, granulocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values during ranitidine versus placebo treatment were not statistically significant [19].
• Strong inhibitory efficacy of ranitidine was also reflected by the low calculated mean ID50 of 54 micrograms (0.15 mumol) . kg-1 . hr-1 and the IC50 of 36 ng/ml (0.1 microM) [20].

Anatomical context of ranitidine

• PACAP elevated [Ca(2+)](i) in ECL and parietal cells of superfused gastric glands, but only the parietal cell signal was inhibited by ranitidine, showing the absence of PAC1 on parietal cells, and demonstrating functional coupling between the cell types [21].
• We previously reported that cimetidine but not ranitidine significantly enhances cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow toxic effects and the appearance of cyclophosphamide alkylating species in a murine leukemia mouse model, and we advised caution in the use of cimetidine with microsomally metabolized anticancer drugs [19].
• Ranitidine controls nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough on omeprazole: a controlled study in normal subjects [22].
• The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on human lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and plasma levels of gastrin in all phases of the interdigestive motor complex and after a test meal [23].
• Cimetidine and ranitidine, which both induce H2 receptor upregulation, actually functioned as inverse agonists in those cell lines displaying spontaneous agonist-independent H2 receptor activity [24].

Associations of ranitidine with other chemical compounds

• In a separate study of seven men, ranitidine, a second-generation H2-receptor antagonist, was found to have no effect on the 2-hydroxylation of estradiol [25].
• Of the 83 patients entered in the study over a 13-month period, 40 were randomly assigned to conservative treatment, which consisted of resuscitation with intravenous fluids, institution of nasogastric suction, and intravenous administration of antibiotics (cefuroxime, ampicillin, and metronidazole) and ranitidine [26].
• Effects of ranitidine on blood alcohol levels after ethanol ingestion. Comparison with other H2-receptor antagonists [27].
• The mean minimum daily requirement of famotidine to control gastric acid hypersecretion was 0.24 g (range 0.08-0.48 g) compared with 2.1 g (range 0.6-3.6 g) for ranitidine and 7.8 g (range 1.2-13.2 g) for cimetidine [14].
• Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated and nocturnal gastric secretion by ranitidine. A new H2-receptor antagonist [28].

Gene context of ranitidine

• Cimetidine and ranitidine, H2 receptor antagonists structurally unrelated to each other, completely reversed the histamine-mediated increase in IL-1 alpha-induced IL-6 synthesis [29].
• The inhibitory effect of the drugs on the enzymes activities were as follows: CYP1A2: cimetidine >> ranitidine = ebrotidine; CYP2D6: cimetidine >>> ranitidine = ebrotidine; CYP3A4/5: ebrotidine > cimetidine >>> ranitidine [30].
• Subsequently, the relationship between the ranitidine N-oxidation phenotypes and FMO3 genotypes, determined by the presence of two previously identified mutant alleles (Glu158Lys: FMO3/Lys158 and Glu308Gly: FMO3/Gly308 alleles) commonly found in our Korean population was examined [31].
• All compounds were evaluated for human erythrocyte AChE inhibitory activity and compared to ranitidine, physostigmine, and tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine (THA) [32].
• Famotidine exhibited potent inhibition of hOCT3; in contrast, ranitidine was a moderately weak inhibitor (IC50= 6.7 and 290 microM, respectively) [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ranitidine

• A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group [2].
• Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover study design, we have now evaluated the potential interaction of ranitidine with cyclophosphamide in seven cancer patients, who received two courses of cyclophosphamide, one with ranitidine and one with placebo [19].
• Tolerance during 5 months of dosing with ranitidine, 150 mg nightly: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study [34].
• In a random, double-blind manner, placebo, cimetidine (1.0 mg/kg X h), and ranitidine (0.16 mg/kg X h) were administered by intravenous infusion to nine healthy volunteers [23].
• The procedures included antrectomy, fundectomy, and gastrectomy (and adrenalectomy), and the treatments included fasting or feeding, gastrin-17 infusion, and administration of omeprazole or ranitidine [35].

References