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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

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Opioid induction of immunoreactive interleukin-1 in Mytilus edulis and human immunocytes: an interleukin-1-like substance in invertebrate neural tissue.

The synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin, [D-Ala2-Met5]-enkephalin, when administered in vitro to Mytilus edulis ganglia and hemocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes, induces the formation of an immunoreactive interleukin-1-like molecule. Additionally, immunoreactive interleukin-1 ( IL-1) activity has been found in Mytilus nervous tissue. The stimulatory actions of the extracted immunoreactive IL-1 on Mytilus hemocytes can be antagonized by an IL-1 antibody demonstrating the specificity of the substance. The evidence suggests that the nervous system, via an opioid- IL-1 relationship, can communicate with the immune/defense system through these similar signal molecules. Furthermore, the results indicate that an interleukin-like molecule must have evolved earlier than previously thought.[1]

References

  1. Opioid induction of immunoreactive interleukin-1 in Mytilus edulis and human immunocytes: an interleukin-1-like substance in invertebrate neural tissue. Stefano, G.B., Smith, E.M., Hughes, T.K. J. Neuroimmunol. (1991) [Pubmed]
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