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Gene Review

CD1D  -  CD1d molecule

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d, CD1A, R3, R3G1
 
 
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Disease relevance of CD1D

 

High impact information on CD1D

  • The protein products of the other two genes, CD1D and CD1E, remain unknown [5].
  • The genes are evenly spaced in the complex except for the distance between CD1D and CD1A, which is two to three times greater than the average [5].
  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subpopulation of T cells that are reactive with glycolipids that are bound by CD1d antigen-presenting molecules. alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) is a synthetic glycolipid that is a potential treatment for several autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cancer [6].
  • Within this contig a 1.1-Mb BAC and PAC core segment joining CD1D to FCER1A was fully sequenced and thoroughly analyzed [7].
  • In cattle, two CD1D pseudogenes were found and no intact CD1D genes [8].
 

Biological context of CD1D

  • The illustration of the dual CD1D gene promoters will help to reveal the regulatory factors that control CD1d expression and its tissue distribution for a better understanding of the cross-regulation between CD1d and NK T cells [9].
  • The predicted amino acid sequence of this gene shows that it is not identical to the SBU-T6 peptide, indicating that a different, CD1D-like gene was cloned [10].
  • The CD1D consensus sequence determined from AGMs apparently differed by seven nucleotides from the rhesus consensus sequence, and nucleotide difference induced only three amino acid changes within Exon3, corresponding to the alpha2 domain of CD1d having a hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket [11].
  • Alternative splicing forms of the human CD1D gene in mononuclear cells [12].
  • Identification of three genomic haplotypes 5' to the human CD1D gene and their distribution in four ethnic groups [13].
 

Anatomical context of CD1D

  • Expression of a nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like molecule, CD1D, by human intestinal epithelial cells [14].
  • Somewhat surprisingly, we also find that most CD1D mRNA in the mouse thymus is unspliced [15].
  • We have found that CD1D mRNA transcripts are expressed in trophoblast cells and cell lines [2].
  • Furthermore, CD1D(-/-) mice did not demonstrate destructive lesions, and CD3(+) lymphocytes were only loosely organized in proximity to reactive pathology [1].
  • Western blot analysis on microdissected skin sections revealed the presence of a 50-55 kDa CD1d molecule in dermis, suggesting that CD1d is highly glycosylated in skin [16].
 

Associations of CD1D with chemical compounds

  • Lysosomal cysteine proteases constitute an important subset of the enzymes that are present in this compartment and, here, we discuss the role of these proteases in regulating antigen presentation by both MHC class II and CD1D molecules [17].
  • Nor were any required for the CD1d molecule to bind and present alpha-galactosyl ceramide after lysosomal processing of a precursor lipid, galactosyl-(alpha1-2)-galactosyl ceramide [18].
 

Physical interactions of CD1D

 

Regulatory relationships of CD1D

  • Especially, the V2 splicing variant might function as an inhibitory soluble CD1d molecule and regulate the presentation of antigens on APC to NKT cells [12].
 

Other interactions of CD1D

  • Over a decade ago, CD1B and CD1D homologs were identified in the rabbit [20].
  • Human CD1D gene has TATA boxless dual promoters: an SP1-binding element determines the function of the proximal promoter [9].
  • To our surprise, although Exon2 and Exon3 reflecting antigen-binding alpha1 and alpha2 domains in chimps' CD1D were identical to that in humans except one amino acid, three amino acids within Exon4, reflecting alpha3 domain, were distinct from humans, and one of them was identical to those in rhesus and AGM CD1D [11].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CD1D

References

  1. Failure of CD1D-/- mice to elicit hypersensitive granulomas to mycobacterial cord factor trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate. Guidry, T.V., Olsen, M., Kil, K.S., Hunter, R.L., Geng, Y.J., Actor, J.K. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Expression of CD1D mRNA transcripts in human choriocarcinoma cell lines and placentally derived trophoblast cells. Jenkinson, H.J., Wainwright, S.D., Simpson, K.L., Perry, A.C., Fotiadou, P., Holmes, C.H. Immunology (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Janus-like role of regulatory iNKT cells in autoimmune disease and tumour immunity. Wilson, S.B., Delovitch, T.L. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  4. Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development. Godfrey, D.I., McConville, M.J., Pellicci, D.G. J. Exp. Med. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes. Yu, C.Y., Milstein, C. EMBO J. (1989) [Pubmed]
  6. Immunotherapeutic potential for ceramide-based activators of iNKT cells. Berkers, C.R., Ovaa, H. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  7. Genomic anatomy of a premier major histocompatibility complex paralogous region on chromosome 1q21-q22. Shiina, T., Ando, A., Suto, Y., Kasai, F., Shigenari, A., Takishima, N., Kikkawa, E., Iwata, K., Kuwano, Y., Kitamura, Y., Matsuzawa, Y., Sano, K., Nogami, M., Kawata, H., Li, S., Fukuzumi, Y., Yamazaki, M., Tashiro, H., Tamiya, G., Kohda, A., Okumura, K., Ikemura, T., Soeda, E., Mizuki, N., Kimura, M., Bahram, S., Inoko, H. Genome Res. (2001) [Pubmed]
  8. The bovine CD1 family contains group 1 CD1 proteins, but no functional CD1d. Van Rhijn, I., Koets, A.P., Im, J.S., Piebes, D., Reddington, F., Besra, G.S., Porcelli, S.A., van Eden, W., Rutten, V.P. J. Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Human CD1D gene has TATA boxless dual promoters: an SP1-binding element determines the function of the proximal promoter. Chen, Q.Y., Jackson, N. J. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Amino-terminal sequencing of sheep CD1 antigens and identification of a sheep CD1D gene. Rhind, S.M., Hopkins, J., Dutia, B.M. Immunogenetics (1999) [Pubmed]
  11. Analysis of evolutionary conservation in CD1d molecules among primates. Saito, N., Takahashi, M., Akahata, W., Ido, E., Hidaka, C., Ibuki, K., Miura, T., Hayami, M., Takahashi, H. Tissue Antigens (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Alternative splicing forms of the human CD1D gene in mononuclear cells. Kojo, S., Adachi, Y., Tsutsumi, A., Sumida, T. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2000) [Pubmed]
  13. Identification of three genomic haplotypes 5' to the human CD1D gene and their distribution in four ethnic groups. Chen, Q.Y., Jackson, N., Vargas, A., Chalew, S., Rao, J., Batzer, M., Lan, M.S., Chang, Y.H., Mokhashi, M., Liu, D. Tissue Antigens (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. Expression of a nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like molecule, CD1D, by human intestinal epithelial cells. Blumberg, R.S., Terhorst, C., Bleicher, P., McDermott, F.V., Allan, C.H., Landau, S.B., Trier, J.S., Balk, S.P. J. Immunol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  15. Expression of CD1 in the mouse thymus. Bradbury, A., Calabi, F., Milstein, C. Eur. J. Immunol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  16. Cd1d is expressed on dermal dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Gerlini, G., Hefti, H.P., Kleinhans, M., Nickoloff, B.J., Burg, G., Nestle, F.O. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  17. Lysosomal cysteine proteases regulate antigen presentation. Honey, K., Rudensky, A.Y. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. An N-Linked Glycan Modulates the Interaction between the CD1d Heavy Chain and beta2-Microglobulin. Paduraru, C., Spiridon, L., Yuan, W., Bricard, G., Valencia, X., Porcelli, S.A., Illarionov, P.A., Besra, G.S., Petrescu, S.M., Petrescu, A.J., Cresswell, P. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  19. The identification of the beta 2-microglobulin binding antigen encoded by the human CD1D gene. Bilsland, C.A., Milstein, C. Eur. J. Immunol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  20. Group 1 CD1 genes in rabbit. Hayes, S.M., Knight, K.L. J. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
 
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