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Chemical Compound Review:

Gly-pro-arg (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-(2- aminoethanoyl)pyrrolidi...

Synonyms: SureCN7853147, AC1L5682, 47295-77-2, Glycylprolylarginine, Glycyl-prolyl-arginine, ...

Nonaka, I. et al., Loike, J.D. et al., Ioudina, M. et al., Furlan, M. et al., Laudano, A.P. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of Glycyl-prolyl-arginine

In this study, the neuroprotective role of small peptides, Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), Gly-Glu (GE), Gly-Pro-Asp (GPD), and Gly-Pro-Arg (GPR) were examined against Abeta-induced toxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons [1].

High impact information on Glycyl-prolyl-arginine

In contrast, there is no significant increase in the affinity of peptides beginning with the amino terminal sequence of the fibrin alpha chain, Gly-Pro-Arg, in the presence of calcium ions, although the number of binding sites increases [2].
Moreover, peptides containing the sequence Gly-Pro-Arg (which corresponds to amino acids 17-19 of the N-terminal region of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen), and monoclonal antibody LeuM5, block tumor necrosis factor-stimulated neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen and to the N-terminal disulfide knot fragment of fibrinogen [3].
A three amino acid peptide, Gly-Pro-Arg, protects and rescues cell death induced by amyloid beta-peptide [1].
Human platelet aggregation was suppressed by more than 50% with each of Gly-Pro-Arg and such Gly-Pro-Arg-containing peptides as Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly, Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro, Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro, and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro at a concentration of 0.3 mM [4].
Intravenous and oral administrations of Gly-Pro-Arg and enzymatic hydrolysates of collagen suppressed the decrease in platelet count for endotoxin-induced DIC in rats [4].

Biological context of Glycyl-prolyl-arginine

Collagen-related peptides, Gly-Pro-Arg and its analogues, were examined for their inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by the addition of ADP [4].

Associations of Glycyl-prolyl-arginine with other chemical compounds

We conclude that the observed effects of Gly-Pro-Arg and Gly-His-Arg are not due solely to their competition with fibrin amino-termini for the respective binding sites in the D-domain, but rather reflect conformational changes in fibrin monomers which affect the polymerization process [5].

Gene context of Glycyl-prolyl-arginine

Other Gly-Pro-Arg analogues such as Sar-Pro-Arg, Gly-Pro-Lys, Gly-Ala-Arg, and Ala-Gly-Pro-Arg had no inhibitory effect at a concentration from 0.1 to 0.8 mM even in human PRP [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Glycyl-prolyl-arginine

Gly-Pro-Arg, which is a known inhibitor of fibrinogen/thrombin clotting, was isolated from the bacterial collagenase hydrolysate of porcine collagen by HPLC [6].

References

A three amino acid peptide, Gly-Pro-Arg, protects and rescues cell death induced by amyloid beta-peptide. Ioudina, M., Uemura, E. Exp. Neurol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Influence of calcium ion on the binding of fibrin amino terminal peptides to fibrinogen. Laudano, A.P., Doolittle, R.F. Science (1981) [Pubmed]
CD11c/CD18 on neutrophils recognizes a domain at the N terminus of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen. Loike, J.D., Sodeik, B., Cao, L., Leucona, S., Weitz, J.I., Detmers, P.A., Wright, S.D., Silverstein, S.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1991) [Pubmed]
In vitro and in vivo anti-platelet effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of collagen and collagen-related peptides. Nonaka, I., Katsuda, S., Ohmori, T., Shigehisa, T., Nakagami, T., Maruyama, S. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. (1997) [Pubmed]
Effect of calcium and synthetic peptides on fibrin polymerization. Furlan, M., Rupp, C., Beck, E.A., Svendsen, L. Thromb. Haemost. (1982) [Pubmed]
Inhibitory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of collagen and collagen-related synthetic peptides on fibrinogen/thrombin clotting. Maruyama, S., Nonaka, I., Tanaka, H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1993) [Pubmed]

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