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Gene Review:

virD1 - type IV secretion system T-DNA border...

Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58

Lin, T.S. et al., Fullner, K.J. et al., Porter, S.G. et al., Steck, T.R. et al., Vogel, A.M. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of virD1

Virulence genes virD1 and virD2 are required for T-DNA processing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens [1].

High impact information on virD1

The two largest vir operons, virB and virD, are probably polycistronic [2].
The virD locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid encodes functions necessary for endonucleolytic cleavage of transferred DNA (T-DNA) prior to its transfer to plant cells [3].
The virD operon of the resident Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains loci involved in T-DNA processing and undefined virulence functions [4].
The nucleotide sequence of the remainder of the virD operon essential for virulence has now been determined [5].
We have reported that two proteins encoded by the 5'portion of the virD operon are required for a site-specific endonuclease activity that nicks the direct repeats which flank the T-DNA [5].

Biological context of virD1

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3.6-kilobase-pair fragment carrying the virD locus from nopaline Ti plasmid pTiC58 [6].
As expected, deletion of the virD operon led to an avirulent phenotype [7].
Two open reading frames not previously characterized, virH and ORF5, were uncovered within the virD/virE intervening spacer region [8].

Associations of virD1 with chemical compounds

Nucleotide sequence of the entire virD operon of pTiC58 revealed similarities to the virD operon of the root-inducing plasmid pRiA4b and to that of the octopine-type plasmid pTiA6NC [4].
A plasmid containing the virD region from octopine Ti plasmid could restore both virulence and processing to a nopaline virD2 mutant [1].
An A. tumefaciens strain, A348 delta D, which lacked the entire virD operon in the Ti plasmid pTiA6, was constructed [7].
Optimal transfer occurred when matings were performed at 19 degrees C, and transfer was not seen when matings were incubated above 28 degrees C. Transfer of the IncQ plasmid was dependent upon induction of the virB and virD operons by acetosyringone but was not dependent upon induction of the tra genes by octopine [9].

References

VirD2 gene product from the nopaline plasmid pTiC58 has at least two activities required for virulence. Steck, T.R., Lin, T.S., Kado, C.I. Nucleic Acids Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
The genetic and transcriptional organization of the vir region of the A6 Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Stachel, S.E., Nester, E.W. EMBO J. (1986) [Pubmed]
The virD operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid encodes a DNA-relaxing enzyme. Ghai, J., Das, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
The virD4 gene is required for virulence while virD3 and orf5 are not required for virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Lin, T.S., Kado, C.I. Mol. Microbiol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Molecular characterization of the virD operon from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Porter, S.G., Yanofsky, M.F., Nester, E.W. Nucleic Acids Res. (1987) [Pubmed]
Overexpression of virD1 and virD2 genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens enhances T-complex formation and plant transformation. Wang, K., Herrera-Estrella, A., Van Montagu, M. J. Bacteriol. (1990) [Pubmed]
The Agrobacterium tumefaciens virD3 gene is not essential for tumorigenicity on plants. Vogel, A.M., Das, A. J. Bacteriol. (1992) [Pubmed]
Molecular characterization of the vir regulon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the 28.63-kbp regulon cloned as a single unit. Rogowsky, P.M., Powell, B.S., Shirasu, K., Lin, T.S., Morel, P., Zyprian, E.M., Steck, T.R., Kado, C.I. Plasmid (1990) [Pubmed]
Temperature affects the T-DNA transfer machinery of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fullner, K.J., Nester, E.W. J. Bacteriol. (1996) [Pubmed]

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