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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

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Gene Review: 

par-4  -  Protein PAR-4

Caenorhabditis elegans

 
 
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High impact information on par-4

  • Four mutations in par-1 and par-4 are fully expressed maternal effect lethal mutations; all embryos from mothers homozygous for these mutations arrest as amorphous masses of differentiated cells but are specifically lacking intestinal cells [1].
  • Four mutations in par-2, par-3, and par-4 are incompletely expressed maternal effect lethal mutations and are also grandchildless; some embryos from homozygous mothers survive and grow to become infertile adults due to absence of functional germ cells [1].
  • Thus, PAL-1 is not expressed in par-4 mutants because MEX-3 remains active in all blastomeres [2].
  • Several strong par-4 mutant alleles are missense mutations that alter conserved residues within the kinase domain, suggesting that kinase activity is essential for PAR-4 function [3].
  • We propose that the primary function of the par-4 gene is to act as part of a maternally encoded system for cytoplasmic localization in the first cell cycle, with par-4 playing a particularly important role in the determination of intestine [4].
 

Biological context of par-4

References

  1. Identification of genes required for cytoplasmic localization in early C. elegans embryos. Kemphues, K.J., Priess, J.R., Morton, D.G., Cheng, N.S. Cell (1988) [Pubmed]
  2. MEX-3 interacting proteins link cell polarity to asymmetric gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Huang, N.N., Mootz, D.E., Walhout, A.J., Vidal, M., Hunter, C.P. Development (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. The C. elegans par-4 gene encodes a putative serine-threonine kinase required for establishing embryonic asymmetry. Watts, J.L., Morton, D.G., Bestman, J., Kemphues, K.J. Development (2000) [Pubmed]
  4. par-4, a gene required for cytoplasmic localization and determination of specific cell types in Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. Morton, D.G., Roos, J.M., Kemphues, K.J. Genetics (1992) [Pubmed]
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